Abstract
Intra-Industry Trade in the European Computers Industry. —This paper analyzes the pattern of intra-industry trade in the European computers industry. Hypotheses regarding both country-specific and industry-specific factors are tested. Those include proxies for level of economic development, market size, market proximity, scale economies and market concentration. The problem of categorical aggregation is explicitly addressed and a method to overcome is suggested. The results of the econometric analysis corroborate the predictions of the theoretical models and their ability to identify at least some of the crucial factors driving to international specialization.
Zusammenfassung
Intra-industrieller Handel in der europäischen Computerindustrie. —Der Verfasser untersucht das Muster des intra-industriellen Handels in der europäischen Computerindustrie. Er testet Hypothesen hinsichtlich länderund branchenspezifischer Faktoren. Diese enthalten Näherungswerte für Entwicklungsniveau, Marktgröße, Marktnähe, Skalenerträge und Marktkonzentration. Das Problem der Aggregierung nach Kategorien wird explizit angesprochen, und eine Methode zu seiner Lösung wird vorgeschlagen. Die Ergebnisse der ökonometrischen Analyse bestätigen die Aussagen der theoretischen Modelle und deren Eignung, wenigstens einige der entscheidenden Faktoren der internationalen Spezialisierung zu identifizieren.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aquino, Antonio, “Intra-Industry Trade and Inter-Industry Specialisation as Concurrent Sources of International Trade in Manufactures.”Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol.114, 1978, pp. 275–295.
Balassa, Bela, “Tariff Reduction and Trade in Manufactures among the Industrial Countries.”The American Economic Review, Vol. 56, 1966, pp. 466–473.
—, “The Determinants of Intra-Industry Specialisation in U.S. Trade.”Oxford Economics Papers, Vol. 38, 1986, pp. 220–233.
—,Luc Bauwens, “Intra-Industry Specialisation in a Multi-Country and Multi-Industry Framework.”The Economic Journal, Vol. 97, 1987, pp. 923–939.
Caves, Richard E., “Intra-Industry Trade and Market Structure in the Industrial Countries.”Oxford Economics Papers, Vol. 33, 1981, pp. 203–223.
Greenaway, David, “The New Theories of Intra-Industry Trade.”Bulletin of Economic Research, Vol. 39, 1987, pp. 95–120.
—,Chris Milner, “Trade Imbalance Effect and the Measurement of Intra-Industry Trade.”Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol. 117, 1981, pp. 756–762.
—,—, “On the Measurement of Intra-Industry Trade.”The Economic Journal, Vol.93, 1983, pp.900–908.
—,—, “A Cross-Section Analysis of Intra-Industry Trade in the U.K.”European Economic Review, Vol. 25, 1984, pp. 319–334.
—,—, “Intra-Industry Trade: Current Perspectives and Unresolved Issues.”Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol. 123, 1987, pp. 39–57.
Grubel, Herbert, Peter J. Lloyd, “The Empirical Measurement of Intra-Industry Trade.”The Economic Record, Vol. 47, 1971, pp. 494–517.
-, -,Intra-Industry Trade: The Theory and Measurement of International Trade in Differentiated Products. London 1975.
Helpman, Elhanan, “International Trade in Presence of Product Differentiation, Economies of Scale and Monopolistic Competition.”Journal of International Economics, Vol. 11, 1981, pp. 305–340.
Kierzkowski, Henryk,Monopolistic Competition and International Trade. Oxford 1984.
Koenker, R., “A Note on Studentizing a Test for Heteroskedasticity.”Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 17, 1981, pp. 107–112.
Kojima, K., “The Pattern of International Trade among Advanced Countries.”Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, Vol. 5, 1964, pp. 16–36.
Krugman, Paul, “Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition and International Trade.”Journal of International Economics, Vol.9, 1979, pp. 469–479.
—, “Intra-Industry Specialisation and the Gains from Trade.”Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 89, 1981, pp. 959–973.
Lancaster, Kelvin, “Intra-Industry Trade Under Perfect Monopolistic Competition.”Journal of International Economics, Vol. 10, 1980, pp. 151–176.
Linder, Staffan,An Essay on Trade and Transformation. New York 1961.
Lipsey, Robert E., “Review of Grubel and Lloyd (1975).”Journal of International Economics, Vol. 6, 1976, pp. 312–314.
Loertscher, Rudolf, Frank Wolter, “Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade: Among Countries and across Industries.”Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol. 116, 1980, pp. 281–293.
Michaely, Michael,Concentration in International Trade. Contribution to Economic Analysis. Vol. 8. Amsterdam 1962.
Nolle, Daniel E., “The Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade for Developing Economies.”Rivista Internazionale di Scienze Economiche e Commerciali, Vol. 37, 1990, pp. 409–423.
Pagoulatos, Emilio, Robert Sorensen, “Two-Way International Trade: An Econometric Analysis.”Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol. 111, 1975, pp. 454–465.
Scherer, F.M., “The Welfare Economics of Product Variety: An Application to the Ready-to-Eat Cereals Industry.”Journal of International Economics, Vol. 28, 1979, pp. 113–134.
Tharakan, P.K. Mathew, “Intra-Industry Trade Between the Industrial Countries and the Developing World.”European Economic Review, Vol.26, 1984, pp. 213–227.
-, “Empirical Analysis of the Commodity Composition of Trade.” In: David Greenaway (Ed.),Current Issues in International Trade: Theory and Policy, London 1985, pp. 63–80.
Verdoorn, PJ., “The Intra-Block Trade of Benelux.” In: E.A.G. Robinson (Ed.),Economic Consequences of the Size of the Nations. London 1960, pp. 291–329.
Vona, Stefano, “On the Measurement of Intra-Industry Trade: Some Further Thoughts.”Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol. 127, 1991, pp. 678–700.