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The early Miocene (~25 Ma) volcanism in the northern Kyushu-Palau Ridge, enriched mantle source injection during rifting prior to the Shikoku backarc basin opening

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Abstract

The northern Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR), remnant conjugate arc of the Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin)-Mariana (IBM) active arc, is dominated by basalt-andesite except for the Komahashi-Daini Seamount where acidic plutonic rocks of 38 Ma were recovered. These mafic to intermediate volcanics are produced by the rifting volcanism in the proto-IBM arc associated with spreading of the Shikoku Basin. The HFSE and HREE contents and ratios of these volcanics indicate enriched source mantle composition compared to recent volcanic front. The LILE ratios exhibit similar characteristics to reararc volcanism of the recent Izu arc, and some enriched volcanics exhibit high abundance of sediment melt inputs. Based on these observations and compilations of the published data set, the replacement event of the wedge mantle under the IBM arc occurred two times. The first event occurred between 45 and 38 Ma, with Pacific type mantle being replaced by depleted Indian type mantle. The second event occurred between 36 and 25 Ma, enriched mantle flowed from reararc side. The slab component during the proto-IBM arc rifting was a similar characteristic to recent reararc volcanism of the Izu arc, and sediment melt added in a local area.

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Acknowledgments

We are much indebted to the captain and crew of R/V Tansei-maru for sample recovery. We express gratitude to Prof. Hidekazu Tokuyama, Dr. Shiki Machida and Mr. Ayanori Misawa for discussions of volcanism models and improvement of volcanism model cartoons. We would like to thank Dr. Stephen Obrochta and Dr. Marc Humblet for detailed comments on the manuscript. We also would like to thank Mr. Taichi Sato for drawing maps used in this study by Genelic Mapping Tool (GMT) and discussions. We also thank Mr. Yutaro Takaya for assistance with sample preparation and analyses by ICP-MS at the GSE, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo. We would like to thank Timothy L. Grove and two reviewers for their constructive reviews.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan

    Satoru Haraguchi

  2. Fukada Geological Institute, Tokyo, Japan

    Teruaki Ishii

  3. Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan

    Jun-Ichi Kimura

  4. Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Yasuhiro Kato

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  1. Satoru Haraguchi
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Correspondence to Satoru Haraguchi.

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Communicated by T. L. Grove.

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Haraguchi, S., Ishii, T., Kimura, JI. et al. The early Miocene (~25 Ma) volcanism in the northern Kyushu-Palau Ridge, enriched mantle source injection during rifting prior to the Shikoku backarc basin opening. Contrib Mineral Petrol 163, 483–504 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0680-x

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