Fig. 1. Location of Site 1165 and the main oceanographic features of the area. The site was cored, on the Eastern Antarctica Rise, close to the Antarctic Divergence, off of Prydz Bay, at 64°22′S and 67°13′E. A star indicates the position of Prydz Bay with respect to the Antarctic continent (modified from Cooper and O'Brien, 2004).

Fig. 2. Magnetostratigraphy (Florindo et al., 2003), nannofossil total abundance plot, and oxygen isotope curve of the Pleistocene interval of Site 1165 (Warnke et al., 2004). Nannofossil total abundance is expressed as number of specimens/mm². Numbers on δ¹⁸O curve refer to oxygen isotope stages interpretation.

Fig. 3. Correlation between magnetostratigraphy and nannofossil bioevents (Raffi et al., 2006) of the Late Pliocene–Pleistocene (left column) and the bio-magnetostratigraphy recorded at the Site 1165 (right column). Calibration of magnetostratigraphy is according to Lourens et al. (2004) and the magnetic polarity zones show black (white) interval for normal (reversed) polarity. Biohorizons detected in this study are given on the right column: wavy lines on the right side of the log indicate possible hiatuses at Site 1165. LOw and HO are respectively for Lowest Occurrence and Highest Occurrence. LCO and HCO are for Lowest and highest Consistent Occurrence.

Fig. 4. Comparison between the magnetostratigraphic interpretation for the Site 1165 according to Florindo et al. (2003) (left) and the re-interpretation of the same site based on calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy (right). Age calibration of magnetostratigraphy is according to Lourens et al. (2004). Wavy lines indicate hiatuses hypothesized in the two interpretations.

Fig. 5. Species abundance of selected nannofossil taxa as recognised through the Site 1165. The abundances are expressed as number of specimens/mm² in 400 fields of view plotted against the magnetostratigraphy.

Fig. 6. a) Low-field magnetic susceptibility (κ) and sediment granulometry for the uppermost 15 m at Site 1165B ([Grützner, 2003] and [Warnke et al., 2004]). b) Amplitude of κ variations expressed as deviation between magnetic susceptibility values and its 3-point moving average.

Fig. 7. Summary of nannofossil, geochemical, sedimentological, and climatic events that occur in the western and eastern Antarctic areas during the Late Pliocene–Pleistocene interval (time scale and magnetic polarity are after Lourens et al., 2004). Calcareous nannofossil abundances are plotted against δ¹⁸O at Sites 1165 and 1167 and carbonate intervals. The shaded area indicates a warm episode of surface waters during the Jaramillo Subchron, approximately 1 Ma. The dynamic vs. stable conditions of the EAIS and WAIS and the timing of the northern hemisphere icesheet formation are indicated. Reference label numbers are as follows: (1) Pospichal, 2003; (2) Warnke et al., 2004; (3) Theissen et al., 2003; (4) [Villa et al., 2003] and [Villa et al., 2005]; (5) Scherer et al., 1998; (6) Villa and Wise, 1998; (7) Ruddiman, 2001.

Range chart of calcareous nannofossils from Prydz Bay. Preservation is indicated as follow: G = good, M = moderate, P = poor. Total and relative abundances are indicated as numbers of coccoliths/mm². X indicates the presence of Thoracosphaera spp.