Case-control study of severe life threatening asthma (SLTA) in a developing community
Date
2006
Authors
Van Der Merwe L.
De Klerk A.
Kidd M.
Bardin P.G.
Van Schalkwyk E.M.
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Abstract
Background: Distinct risk factors for asthma death have not been identified in developing communities. This study was conducted to distinguish risk factors for severe life threatening asthma (SLTA), a proxy for asthma death, in a developing country. Methods: A case-control study was performed at a University Hospital serving developing communities in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, over the period October 1997 to April 2000. Thirty consecutive patients with SLTA admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were compared with 60 chronic asthmatic patients, without a history of SLTA, who had attended the hospital outpatient respiratory clinic over the same period. Results: The risk of SLTA in comparison with controls increased with female sex (odds ratio (OR) 3.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 9.6, p = 0.02), rural residence (OR 8.1, 95% CI 2.6 to 25.3, p = 0.0005), and absence of a formal income (OR 5.7, 95% CI 2 to 16.6, p = 0.002). Cases were more likely to have had more than one hospital admission in the previous year (OR 8, 95% CI 2.5 to 25.2, p = 0.0009) and more than one emergency room visit in the previous year (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.19 to 16.4, p = 0.04). Patients with SLTA were less likely to use inhaled corticosteroids (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.9 to 16.5, p = 0.003) and more likely to use inhaled fenoterol (OR 6, 95% CI 2.2 to 16.2, p = 0.0004). Patients with SLTA also had lower mean (SE) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) measurements (66.9 (9.5)% predicted v 82.5 (4.0)% predicted; p = 0.03) and lower FEV 1/FVC ratios (60.7 (4.1)% predicted v69.6 (1.9)% predicted; p = 0.05) documented before the episode of SLTA. Conclusions: Risk factors for SLTA that are mainly analogous to those distinguished in other environments have been identified in a geographical area characterised by a third world socioeconomic context. Rural residence and poverty may increase the risk of SLTA.
Description
Keywords
beta adrenergic receptor stimulating agent, cholinergic receptor blocking agent, corticosteroid derivative, fenoterol, theophylline, adolescent, adult, anamnesis, article, asthma, clinical article, community care, controlled study, death, demography, dose response, emergency ward, female, forced expiratory volume, hospital admission, human, income, intensive care unit, lung function, male, outpatient department, priority journal, risk factor, rural area, sex difference, university hospital, Adult, Anti-Asthmatic Agents, Asthma, Case-Control Studies, Developing Countries, Female, Humans, Male, Respiratory Function Tests, Risk Factors, South Africa
Citation
Thorax
61
9
61
9