Neuroimaging assessment of early and late neurobiological sequelae of traumatic brain injury: implications for CTE.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been increasingly accepted as a major external risk factor for neurodegenerative morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence indicates that the resultant chronic neurobiological sequelae following head trauma may, at least in part, contribute to a pathologically distinct disease known as Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). The clinical manifestation of CTE is variable, but the symptoms of this progressive disease include impaired memory and cognition, affective disorders (i.e., impulsivity, aggression, depression, suicidality, etc.), and diminished motor control. Notably, mounting evidence suggests that the pathology contributing to CTE may be caused by repetitive exposure to subconcussive hits to the head, even in those with no history of a clinically evident head injury. Given the millions of athletes and military personnel with potential exposure to repetitive subconcussive insults and TBI, CTE represents an important public health issue. However, the incidence rates and pathological mechanisms are still largely unknown, primarily due to the fact that there is no in vivo diagnostic tool. The primary objective of this manuscript is to address this limitation and discuss potential neuroimaging modalities that may be capable of diagnosing CTE in vivo through the detection of tau and other known pathological features. Additionally, we will discuss the challenges of TBI research, outline the known pathology of CTE (with an emphasis on Tau), review current neuroimaging modalities to assess the potential routes for in vivo diagnosis, and discuss the future directions of CTE research.
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Sundman, Mark, P Murali Doraiswamy and Rajendra A Morey (2015). Neuroimaging assessment of early and late neurobiological sequelae of traumatic brain injury: implications for CTE. Front Neurosci, 9. p. 334. 10.3389/fnins.2015.00334 Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/10960.
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P. Murali Doraiswamy
Murali Doraiswamy MBBS FRCP is Professor of Psychiatry and Professor in Medicine at Duke University School of Medicine where he is a highly cited physician scientist at the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences. He is also a Senior Fellow at the Duke Center for the Study of Aging and an Affiliate Faculty at the Duke Center for Precision Medicine and Applied Genomics as well as the Duke Microbiome Center. He directs a clinical trials unit that has been involved in the development of many modern diagnostic tests, apps, algorithms, and therapeutics in wide use today. Prof Doraiswamy has been an advisor to leading government agencies, businesses and advocacy groups including the NIH, FDA, and WHO as well as numerous life science companies. He has served as the chair of the World Economic Forum’s Global Agenda Council on Brain Research and co-chaired the innovation advisory council for one of the world’s largest social impact funds dedicated to promoting innovative solutions to reverse age related disorders. He has lectured at leading global forums to advance the forefront of aging and neuroscience research. Moreover as an investigator on numerous landmark trials and co-author on more than 400 publications, he has received several awards in recognition of his scientific work. Additionally, he is a leading advocate for increasing funding for brain and behavioral research to help address great looming challenges in society posed by modern developments in the 21st century. His research has been featured in media outlets such as BBC, The New York Times, Scientific American, The Wall Street Journal, National Public Radio, CBS Evening news, The Dr Oz Show, Oprah, and TIME. He has appeared in acclaimed documentaries such as (Dis)Honesty: The Truth about Lies and Mysteries of the Brain. He is the co-author of a popular book The Alzheiemr's Action Plan. Prof. Doraiswamy also serves on the board of several global charities.
Rajendra A. Morey
Research in my lab is focused on brain changes associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and other neuropsychiatric disorders. We apply several advanced methods for understanding brain function including functional MRI, structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and genetic effects.
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