Host suitability of of two biotypes of Bemisia tabaci on some common weeds.

Abstract

Significant differences in some reproductive parameters of the B and Q biotypes of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) with regard to four species of winter weeds were determined in a no-choice assay. The highest fecundity (eggs) and fertility (pupae and adults) were obtained with Malva parviflora L. as host, followed by Capsella bursa-pastoris L., Brassica kaber (DC) and Lactuca serriola L. The percentage of adult emergence (from egg to adult) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) with M. parviflora, C. bursa-pastoris and B. kaber than with L. serriola. Except on L. serriola, the mean values of the reproductive parameters for the Q-biotype were significantly (P < 0.05) greater than those for the B-biotype. On the other hand, in choice experiments with summer weeds, both B- and Q-biotypes preferred Datura stramonium L. and Solanum nigrum L. to Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L. and Echinochloa crus-galli L. Significantly more males and females, and more pupae and empty pupal cases per plant were found on D. stramonium than on S. nigrum. Adult abundance on A. retroflexus, C. album and E. crus-galli plants was very low. At a constant temperature of 26 ± 1 °C, the Q-biotype developed significantly faster than the B-biotype on S. nigrum and D. stramonium. Both biotypes required, for this development, significantly more days on D. stramonium than on S. nigrum. These results suggest that it is important to suppress the growth of M. parviflora, C. bursa-pastoris, B. kaber, D. stramonium and S. nigrum in order to avoid the risk of further expansion of whitefly populations.