Exotic ungulates as game species: ecological and socio-economical concern

Abstract

Exotic invasive species are considered by the IUCN Species Survival Commission to be the second largest threat to native species, following habitat destruction. The introduction of exotic species in regions beyond their natural distribution range may alter host ecosystems, thus affecting the viability of native fauna and flora. Concerning ungulates, game activity is among the main driving forces behind the expansion of various species throughout the world. However, not all exotics may have the same impact, as it depends on their ecological niche, the existence of potential competitors and/or predators, and, if herbivores, their effects on plant communities. The other side of the coin is that exotic big hunting originates a series of socio-economical benefits to the human community, although some parties tend to disapprove this activity, such as environmental organizations and farmers. In sum, this is an issue that may be addressed from very different views, which are not necessarily exclusive if a proper management is undertaken. We feel thus that there is room for the discussion and exchange of experiences. Questions such as ‘what’s the ecological difference between exotic wild ungulates and livestock?’ can be raised. As a starting point, we will introduce the case of two exotics in Spain: the European mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon) and the aoudad or Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia), both successfully introduced but showing a differing population dynamic, behaviour and ecology. They have also originated different reactions from stakeholders: from eradication to protection of some of their populations. How it works: The idea is to promote a meeting of collegues for discussion and exchange of views. Apart from the moderators, 3-4 researchers that are interested in the subject are expected to participate, summarizing their experience. Getting together participants from different countries will enrich the round table, as more examples and circumstances can then be exposed and discussed. We have been offered sufficient space and time from the organizers, but a preliminar call of interest is a requisite to assure the success of the table. The workshops will start with a short account by the participants, around 5 minutes each, using slides if wished, where they will show examples of successful introductions of exotic ungulates due to hunting interest, and the consequences, positive and negative, that these actions have given rise, ecological and socio-economically. Addressing common scenarios and hopefully reaching some accord on how game biologists can tackle this issue would be our goal.