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Título: | Thiol-based redox signaling in the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis |
Autor: | Frendo, Pierre; Matamoros Galindo, Manuel Ángel CSIC ORCID ; Alloing, Geneviève; Becana Ausejo, Manuel CSIC ORCID | Palabras clave: | (Homo)glutathione Legume nodules Reactive nitrogen species Redox regulation Symbiosis |
Fecha de publicación: | 26-sep-2013 | Editor: | Frontiers Media | Citación: | Frendo P, Matamoros MA, Alloing G, Becana M. Thiol-based redox signaling in the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. Frontiers in Plant Science 4:376 (2013) | Resumen: | In nitrogen poor soils legumes establish a symbiotic interaction with rhizobia that results in the formation of root nodules. These are unique plant organs where bacteria differentiate into bacteroids, which express the nitrogenase enzyme complex that reduces atmospheric N2 to ammonia. Nodule metabolism requires a tight control of the concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) so that they can perform useful signaling roles while avoiding nitro-oxidative damage. In nodules a thiol-dependent regulatory network that senses, transmits and responds to redox changes is starting to be elucidated. A combination of enzymatic, immunological, pharmacological and molecular analyses has allowed us to conclude that glutathione and its legume-specific homolog, homoglutathione, are abundant in meristematic and infected cells, that their spatio-temporally distribution is correlated with the corresponding (homo)glutathione synthetase activities, and that they are crucial for nodule development and function. Glutathione is at high concentrations in the bacteroids and at moderate amounts in the mitochondria, cytosol and nuclei. Less information is available on other components of the network. The expression of multiple isoforms of glutathione peroxidases, peroxiredoxins, thioredoxins, glutaredoxins and NADPH-thioredoxin reductases has been detected in nodule cells using antibodies and proteomics. Peroxiredoxins and thioredoxins are essential to regulate and in some cases to detoxify RONS in nodules. Further research is necessary to clarify the regulation of the expression and activity of thiol redox-active proteins in response to abiotic, biotic and developmental cues, their interactions with downstream targets by disulfide-exchange reactions, and their participation in signaling cascades. The availability of mutants and transgenic lines will be crucial to facilitate systematic investigations into the function of the various proteins in the legume-rhizobial symbiosis. | Descripción: | 10 Págs., 2 Figs. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCBY). The .pdf document is protected by copyright and was first published by Frontiers. | Versión del editor: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00376 | URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/82956 | DOI: | 10.3389/fpls.2013.00376 | E-ISSN: | 1664-462X |
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