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Título

Medically important differences in snake venom composition are dictated by distinct postgenomic mechanisms

AutorCasewell, Nicholas R.; Wagstaff, Simon C.; Wüster, Wolfgang; Cook, Darren A. N.; Bolton, Fiona M. S.; King, Sarah I.; Pla, Davinia CSIC ORCID ; Sanz, Libia CSIC ORCID; Calvete, Juan J. CSIC ORCID; Harrison, Robert A.
Fecha de publicación9-jun-2014
EditorNational Academy of Sciences (U.S.)
CitaciónProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 111(25):9205-10. (2014)
ResumenVariation in venom composition is a ubiquitous phenomenon in snakes and occurs both interspecifically and intraspecifically. Venom variation can have severe outcomes for snakebite victims by rendering the specific antibodies found in antivenoms ineffective against heterologous toxins found in different venoms. The rapid evolutionary expansion of different toxin-encoding gene families in different snake lineages is widely perceived as the main cause of venom variation. However, this view is simplistic and disregards the understudied influence that processes acting on gene transcription and translation may have on the production of the venom proteome. Here, we assess the venom composition of six related viperid snakes and compare interspecific changes in the number of toxin genes, their transcription in the venom gland, and their translation into proteins secreted in venom. Our results reveal that multiple levels of regulation are responsible for generating variation in venom composition between related snake species. We demonstrate that differential levels of toxin transcription, translation, and their posttranslational modification have a substantial impact upon the resulting venom protein mixture. Notably, these processes act to varying extents on different toxin paralogs found in different snakes and are therefore likely to be as important as ancestral gene duplication events for generating compositionally distinct venom proteomes. Our results suggest that these processes may also contribute to altering the toxicity of snake venoms, and we demonstrate how this variability can undermine the treatment of a neglected tropical disease, snakebite.
Descripción6 páginas, 4 figuras. Este artículo contiene información suplementaria online en: www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1405484111/-/DCSupplemental
Versión del editorhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1405484111
URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/99377
DOI10.1073/pnas.1405484111
E-ISSN1091-6490
ReferenciasCasewell, Nicholas R.; Wagstaff, Simon C.; Wüster, Wolfgang; Cook, Darren A. N.; Bolton, Fiona M. S.; King, Sarah I.; Pla, Davinia; Sanz, Libia; Calvete, Juan J.; Harrison, Robert A. (2015): Data from: Medically important differences in snake venom composition are dictated by distinct postgenomic mechanisms [Dataset]; Dryad; Version 1; https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1j292
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