Diachrony in legal terminology: a case study on the rights of victims of crime in the EU

Council Framework Decision 2001/220/JHA was the first legal act adopted by the European Union to lay down general provisions addressing victims of crime and their rights. Significant progress was achieved a decade later by adopting Directive 2012/29/EU, which established minimum standards on the rights, support, and protection of victims of crime. This article presents a study conducted on the terms starting with the head element “right” extracted from both acts. The aim was to determine whether the legal progress experienced in a decade was accompanied by an evolution in the terminology used. The study revealed that, when legal terminology is analysed from a diachronic perspective, different phenomena can be observed: in this case, instances of stability, formal neology, and complete neology were identified. Diachronic evolution phenomena in legal terminology are then considered from a didactic perspective: students of law, legal translation, and legal terminology are deemed likely to benefit significantly from the inclusion of the diachronic dimension in their studies.