Distinguishing Glacial AMOC and Interglacial Non-AMOC Nd Isotopic Signals in the Deep Western Atlantic Over the Last 1 Myr

The global thermohaline circulation plays a major role in regulating global climate, driven by the formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). ODP Site 1063 on the Bermuda Rise, at the interface of NADW and Southern Ocean-sourced water, appears an ideal location to study the relationships between ocean circulation and climate. This study reports Nd isotope ratios at Site 1063 that extend to ~1 Ma. The data show Nd isotope values during portions of interglacials that are much lower than modern NADW. However, interglacial Nd isotope values at Site 607, located within the core of NADW, off the abyssal seafloor in the North Atlantic, are consistently similar to modern NADW. In contrast to glacial values, we infer that interglacial Nd isotopes at Site 1063 are not representative of NADW and do not solely record water mass mixing. We conclude that the low Ndisotope ratios reflect regional particle-seawater exchange as a consequence of input of freshly ground bedrock from the Canadian shield, which is eroded into the North Atlantic during major ice sheet retreats. The result is a deep, thin, and regionally constrained layer of seawater tagged with this anomalous low Nd isotope signature that is unrepresentative of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). We suggest that a benthic nepheloid layer, whose development is linked to the behavior of a deep-recirculating gyre system, regulated by the interaction between the Gulf Stream and the deep western boundary current, facilitates the periodic masking of the Nd isotope signature of the North Atlantic AMOC end-member in this region at these depths.