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http://hdl.handle.net/10397/89538
Title: | Association between time spent on smart devices and change in refractive error : a 1-year prospective observational study among Hong Kong children and adolescents | Authors: | Do, CW Chan, LYL Tse, ACY Cheung, T So, BCL Tang, WC Yu, WY Chu, GCH Szeto, GPY Lee, RLT Lee, PH |
Issue Date: | Dec-2020 | Source: | International journal of environmental research and public health, 1 Dec. 2020 , v. 17, no. 23, 8923, p. 1-11 | Abstract: | This study examined the association between smart device usage and the 1-year change in refractive error among a representative sample of Hong Kong children and adolescents aged 8–14 years. A total of 1597 participants (49.9% male, mean age 10.9, SD 2.0) who completed both baseline (2017–2018) and 1-year follow-up (2018–2019) eye examinations were included in the present study. The non-cycloplegic auto-refractive error was measured and the average spherical equivalent refraction (SER) was analyzed. The participants also self-reported their smart device usage at baseline. Multivariate regression adjusted for age, sex, baseline SER, parents’ short-sightedness, BMI, time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and caregiver-reported socio-economic status showed that, compared with the reference group (<2 h per day on both smartphone and tablet usages), those who spent ≥2 h per day using a smartphone and <2 h per day using a tablet had a significantly negative shift in refractive error (1-year change in SER −0.25 vs. −0.09 D, p = 0.01) for the right eye, while the level of significance was marginal (1-year change −0.28 vs. −0.15 D, p = 0.055) for the left eye. To conclude, our data suggested spending at most 2 h per day on both smartphones and tablets. | Keywords: | Handheld device Myopia Prospective Smartphone Tablet Teenage |
Publisher: | Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) | Journal: | International journal of environmental research and public health | ISSN: | 1661-7827 | EISSN: | 1660-4601 | DOI: | 10.3390/ijerph17238923 | Rights: | © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
Appears in Collections: | Journal/Magazine Article |
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ijerph-17-08923-v2.pdf | 295.75 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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