Piroplasmose equina e implicações nas trocas comercias em Portugal e no Brasil: perceções em uma amostra de proprietários, coudelarias e médicos veterinários
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2020
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A piroplasmose equina é uma doença causada pelos hematozoários Theileria equi
e Babesia caballi e é transmitida por carraça ixodídeas ou mecanicamente por meio de agulhas contaminadas com sangue de animais portadores e picadas de insetos.
É uma doença de declaração obrigatória a nível internacional pela Organização Mundial da Saúde Animal por ser considerada uma doença em que os tratamentos não são efetivos contra a Theileria equi, permanecendo como portadores os equinos infetados. Esta doença tem uma elevada importância económica por apresentar restrições nas trocas comerciais de equinos em diversos países. Dois desses países, onde a piroplasmose ocorre são
Portugal e o Brasil, afetando a produção equina e restringindo as trocas comerciais e
provas desportivas de equinos.
Este estudo teve como objetivos obter informação sobre as principais dificuldades entre proprietários, coudelarias e médicos veterinários nas trocas comerciais de cavalos a nível nacional e internacional em Portugal e no Brasil, obter informações sobre os métodos de diagnósticos mais utilizados e relacionar os principais fatores que pudessem contribuir para o aparecimento da doença (alojamento, coabitantes, esquema de
desparasitação, uso de piroplasmicidas e a limpeza das instalações e idade dos animais).
Foram realizados três questionários em Portugal e no Brasil direcionados à proprietários, coudelarias e médicos veterinários.
A dificuldade mais apontada nos dois países foi a obtenção de documentos oficiais de identificação animal. As técnicas de diagnóstico mais utilizadas foram os esfregaços sanguíneos, ELISA e IFAT. Em Portugal os proprietários, que indicaram utilizar o
alojamento de pastagem, tiveram menos casos de piroplasmose equina nos seus animais e os animais mais jovens (≤10 anos) foram indicados como os mais afetados pela doença.
Equine piroplasmosis is a disease caused by the hematozoa Theileria equi and Babesia caballi and is transmitted by ixodid ticks or mechanically by needles contaminated with blood from carriers and insect bites. It is a disease of mandatory declaration worldwide by the World Organization for Animal Health as it is considered a disease in which treatments are not effective against Theileria equi, remaining infected horses as carriers. This disease is of great economic importance because it has restrictions on trade in horses in several countries. Two of these countries where piroplasmosis occurs are Portugal and Brazil, affecting equine production and restricting equine trade and sporting events. This study aimed to obtain information on the main difficulties between owners, studs and veterinarians in national and international horse trade in Portugal and Brazil, the most used diagnostic methods and to list the main factors that might contribute to the onset of the disease (housing, cohabitants, deworming regimen, use of antiprotozoal drugs and cleanliness of facilities, and age). Three questionnaires were conducted in Portugal and Brazil directed to owners, stud houses and veterinarians. The most common difficulty in both countries was obtaining official animal identification documents. The most commonly used diagnostic techniques were blood smears, ELISA and IFAT. In Portugal, owners who reported using pasture housing had fewer cases of equine piroplasmosis in their animals. Younger ages (≤10 years) were indicated to be more affected by the disease.
Equine piroplasmosis is a disease caused by the hematozoa Theileria equi and Babesia caballi and is transmitted by ixodid ticks or mechanically by needles contaminated with blood from carriers and insect bites. It is a disease of mandatory declaration worldwide by the World Organization for Animal Health as it is considered a disease in which treatments are not effective against Theileria equi, remaining infected horses as carriers. This disease is of great economic importance because it has restrictions on trade in horses in several countries. Two of these countries where piroplasmosis occurs are Portugal and Brazil, affecting equine production and restricting equine trade and sporting events. This study aimed to obtain information on the main difficulties between owners, studs and veterinarians in national and international horse trade in Portugal and Brazil, the most used diagnostic methods and to list the main factors that might contribute to the onset of the disease (housing, cohabitants, deworming regimen, use of antiprotozoal drugs and cleanliness of facilities, and age). Three questionnaires were conducted in Portugal and Brazil directed to owners, stud houses and veterinarians. The most common difficulty in both countries was obtaining official animal identification documents. The most commonly used diagnostic techniques were blood smears, ELISA and IFAT. In Portugal, owners who reported using pasture housing had fewer cases of equine piroplasmosis in their animals. Younger ages (≤10 years) were indicated to be more affected by the disease.
Descrição
Orientação: Ana Maria Duque
de Araújo Munhoz ; co-orientação: Francisco Camacho
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, EQUÍDEOS, TROCAS COMERCIAIS, IMPORTAÇÕES, EXPORTAÇÕES, VETERINARY MEDICINE, BABESIOSIS, EQUIDS, COMMERCIAL TRADES, IMPORTS, EXPORTS