Avaliação da infecção por micoplasmas hemotrópicos numa colónia de gatos errantes da Ilha de Faro
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2017
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Os micoplasmas hemotrópicos são agentes bacterianos que infectam os eritrócitos. Existem quatro espécies que se sabe infectarem os gatos: Mycoplasma haemofelis, “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum”, “Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis” e “Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum”. Foi objectivo do presente trabalho avaliar, por diagnóstico molecular, numa amostra de 157 gatos errantes que habitam a ilha de Faro, a presença de infecção por Mycoplasma spp. Nestes animais foi feita a recolha de sangue periférico, tendo, ainda, sido recolhidos dados referentes à idade, sexo, presença de ectoparasitas e sinais clínicos exibidos. A detecção de Ácido Desoxirribonucleico (DNA, do inglês “Desoxirribonucleic Acid”) de Mycoplasma spp. foi feita através de Reacção em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR, do inglês “Polymerase Chain Reaction”) e a identificação da espécie por hidrólise com enzimas de restrição. A reacção de PCR permitiu encontrar um total de 20,4% de gatos infectados com Mycoplasma spp. As diferentes espécies apresentaram a seguinte distribuição: “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum” foi o mais prevalente, com 7% em infecção única, seguido de Mycoplasma haemofelis com 4,46%. “Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis” foi detectado em 1,27% das amostras. A infecção mista com Mycoplasma haemofelis e “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum” foi encontrada em 7,64% dos animais. A análise dos factores de risco demonstrou que o ser macho e a idade adulta foram factores de risco para a infecção por hemoplasmose, mas não a presença de pulgas. Os micoplasmas hemotrópicos são agentes ubiquitários, distribuídos mundialmente, com uma prevalência real variável mas significativa, existindo várias espécies capazes de infectar os gatos. Estas espécies devem ser distinguidas devido às diferenças de potencial patogénico, sendo o método de detecção mais eficaz a PCR.
Hemotrophic mycoplasmas are bacterial agents that infect the red blood cells. There are four species known to infect cats: Mycoplasma haemofelis, “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum”, “Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis” and “Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum”. The aim of this study was to evaluate, by molecular diagnosis, in a sample of 157 stray cats from Ilha de Faro, the presence of Mycoplasma spp. In these animals peripheral blood was collected, as well as data regarding age, sex, presence of ectoparasites and clinical signs exhibited. The detection of Mycoplasma spp. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and species identification by hydrolysis with restriction enzymes. PCR reaction allowed to find 20,4% of the studied cats infected with Mycoplasma spp. The different species were distributed as follows: “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum” was the most prevalent, with 7% in single infection, followed by Mycoplasma haemofelis with 4,46%. “Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis” was detected in 1,27% of the samples. Mixed infection with Mycoplasma haemofelis and “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum” was found in 7,64% of the animals. The analysis of risk factors showed that male sex and adulthood were risk factors for hemoplasmosis infection, but not the presence of fleas. The mycoplasmas are ubiquitous hemotrophic agents distributed worldwide, with an actual prevalence variable but significant. There are several species capable of infecting cats. These species should be distinguished due to its differences in the pathogenic potential. PCR is the most effective detection method.
Hemotrophic mycoplasmas are bacterial agents that infect the red blood cells. There are four species known to infect cats: Mycoplasma haemofelis, “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum”, “Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis” and “Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum”. The aim of this study was to evaluate, by molecular diagnosis, in a sample of 157 stray cats from Ilha de Faro, the presence of Mycoplasma spp. In these animals peripheral blood was collected, as well as data regarding age, sex, presence of ectoparasites and clinical signs exhibited. The detection of Mycoplasma spp. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and species identification by hydrolysis with restriction enzymes. PCR reaction allowed to find 20,4% of the studied cats infected with Mycoplasma spp. The different species were distributed as follows: “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum” was the most prevalent, with 7% in single infection, followed by Mycoplasma haemofelis with 4,46%. “Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis” was detected in 1,27% of the samples. Mixed infection with Mycoplasma haemofelis and “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum” was found in 7,64% of the animals. The analysis of risk factors showed that male sex and adulthood were risk factors for hemoplasmosis infection, but not the presence of fleas. The mycoplasmas are ubiquitous hemotrophic agents distributed worldwide, with an actual prevalence variable but significant. There are several species capable of infecting cats. These species should be distinguished due to its differences in the pathogenic potential. PCR is the most effective detection method.
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Orientação : Margarida Alves
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MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, GATOS, DOENÇAS INFECCIOSAS, MICOPLASMOSE, VETERINARY MEDICINE, CATS, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, MYCOPLASMOSIS, ILHA DE FARO, FELÍDEOS, FELIDS, PCR