The influence of vernalization and daylength on expression of flowering-time genes in the shoot apex and leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare).

Sasani, S; Hemming, MN; Oliver, SN; Greenup, A; Tavakkol-Afshari, R; Mahfoozi, S; Poustini, K; Sharifi, HR; Dennis, ES; Peacock, WJ; Trevaskis, B

The influence of vernalization and daylength on expression of flowering-time genes in the shoot apex and leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare).

Sasani, S Hemming, MN Oliver, SN Greenup, A Tavakkol-Afshari, R Mahfoozi, S Poustini, K Sharifi, HR Dennis, ES

Peacock, WJ

Trevaskis, B

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Journal of Experimental Botany, 2009, 60 (7), pp. 2169 - 2178
Issue Date:: 2009-05-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Sasani, S	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Hemming, MN	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Oliver, SN	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Greenup, A	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Tavakkol-Afshari, R	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Mahfoozi, S	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Poustini, K	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Sharifi, HR	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Dennis, ES https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7850-591X	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Peacock, WJ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7314-9074	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Trevaskis, B	en_US
dc.date.issued	2009-05-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Journal of Experimental Botany, 2009, 60 (7), pp. 2169 - 2178	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	0022-0957	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/28759
dc.description.abstract	Responses to prolonged low-temperature treatment of imbibed seeds (vernalization) were examined in barley (Hordeum vulgare). These occurred in two phases: the perception of prolonged cold, which occurred gradually at low temperatures, and the acceleration of reproductive development, which occurred after vernalization. Expression of the VERNALIZATION1 gene (HvVRN1) increased gradually in germinating seedlings during vernalization, both at the shoot apex and in the developing leaves. This occurred in darkness, independently of VERNALIZATION2 (HvVRN2), consistent with the hypothesis that expression of HvVRN1 is induced by prolonged cold independently of daylength flowering-response pathways. After vernalization, expression of HvVRN1 was maintained in the shoot apex and leaves. This was associated with accelerated inflorescence initiation and with down-regulation of HvVRN2 in the leaves. The largest determinant of HvVRN1 expression levels in vernalized plants was the length of seed vernalization treatment. Daylength did not influence HvVRN1 expression levels in shoot apices and typically did not affect expression in leaves. In the leaves of plants that had experienced a saturating seed vernalization treatment, expression of HvVRN1 was higher in long days, however. HvFT1 was expressed in the leaves of these plants in long days, which might account for the elevated HvVRN1 expression. Long-day up-regulation of HvVRN1 was not required for inflorescence initiation, but might accelerate subsequent stages of inflorescence development. Similar responses to seed vernalization were also observed in wheat (Triticum aestivum). These data support the hypothesis that VRN1 is induced by cold during winter to promote spring flowering in vernalization-responsive cereals.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Journal of Experimental Botany	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1093/jxb/erp098	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Plant Biology & Botany	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Hordeum	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Flowers	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Plant Leaves	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Plant Shoots	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Plant Proteins	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Gene Expression Regulation, Plant	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Light	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Cold Temperature	en_US
dc.title	The influence of vernalization and daylength on expression of flowering-time genes in the shoot apex and leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare).	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	7	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	60	en_US
utslib.for	0607 Plant Biology	en_US
utslib.for	0604 Genetics	en_US
utslib.for	0703 Crop and Pasture Production	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access
pubs.issue	7	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	60	en_US

Abstract:

Responses to prolonged low-temperature treatment of imbibed seeds (vernalization) were examined in barley (Hordeum vulgare). These occurred in two phases: the perception of prolonged cold, which occurred gradually at low temperatures, and the acceleration of reproductive development, which occurred after vernalization. Expression of the VERNALIZATION1 gene (HvVRN1) increased gradually in germinating seedlings during vernalization, both at the shoot apex and in the developing leaves. This occurred in darkness, independently of VERNALIZATION2 (HvVRN2), consistent with the hypothesis that expression of HvVRN1 is induced by prolonged cold independently of daylength flowering-response pathways. After vernalization, expression of HvVRN1 was maintained in the shoot apex and leaves. This was associated with accelerated inflorescence initiation and with down-regulation of HvVRN2 in the leaves. The largest determinant of HvVRN1 expression levels in vernalized plants was the length of seed vernalization treatment. Daylength did not influence HvVRN1 expression levels in shoot apices and typically did not affect expression in leaves. In the leaves of plants that had experienced a saturating seed vernalization treatment, expression of HvVRN1 was higher in long days, however. HvFT1 was expressed in the leaves of these plants in long days, which might account for the elevated HvVRN1 expression. Long-day up-regulation of HvVRN1 was not required for inflorescence initiation, but might accelerate subsequent stages of inflorescence development. Similar responses to seed vernalization were also observed in wheat (Triticum aestivum). These data support the hypothesis that VRN1 is induced by cold during winter to promote spring flowering in vernalization-responsive cereals.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/28759