Utilización de RNA de interferencia como estrategia para el estudio y tratamiento del cáncer
Advisor
Izquierdo Rojo, MartaEntity
UAM. Departamento de Biología MolecularDate
2007-05-18Subjects
ARN - Tesis doctorales; Cáncer - Aspectos genéticos - Tesis doctorales; Biología y Biomedicina / BiologíaNote
Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de lectura 18-05-2007Abstract
The recent discovery and characterization of RNA interference (RNAi) provides us with a new
tool for gene inactivation and cancer gene therapy. Here, we have investigated the effect of
knocking down target proteins by short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) expressed from viral vectors.
The senescence process of primary cell cultures occurs after a finite proliferative doublings. In
the present study, we tested a new strategy for mouse primary cultures immortalization using a
retrovirus carrying the shRNA sequence against the p53 wild type protein. The inhibition of
over 80 % of p53 in murine primary cells leads to cell immortalization. We have also
constructed retrovirus to inhibit other target proteins to use as potential cancer gene therapy
weapons. Cyclin E1 is expressed during the late G1 phase of the cell cycle and mediates the
initiation of DNA synthesis by activating cyclin-dependent kinases 2 (CDK2). We found that the
knockdown of cyclin E1 in cancer cells triggers considerable apoptotic induction.
The correct segregation of chromosomes during the M-phase is under control of numerous
proteins and protein subcomplexes localized to kinetochores that monitor the accuracy of this
process. Hec1 (highly expressed in cancer) plays an important role in chromosome
segregation by interacting with a subset of checkpoint proteins that survey proper chromosome
alignment and bipolar spindle attachment. In order to disrupt mitotic progression of tumor cell
lines, we have used retroviral and adenoviral vectors that inhibit Hec1 synthesis. Vectorexpressed
shRNA caused depletion of the target protein, cellular arrest and considerable
mitotic catastrophe induction in cancer cells. Furthermore, adenocarcinomas induced in the
flanks of nude mice show significant reduction in size compared with control when treated with
either Hec1-shRNA retroviruses or adenoviruses.
Finally, we tested the possibility of using RNAi to silence the AP-1 transcription factor, in
particular the Jun proteins that play critical roles in regulating cell proliferation and tumor
progression. Reduction of JunB levels causes increased proliferation and tumorigenicity in
wild-type murine fibroblasts, whereas in c-Jun knockout cells p53-independent cell cycle arrest
and apoptosis are induced. Using melanoma-derived B16-F10 cancer cells the combination of
JunB knockdown and c-Jun/JNK inactivation leads to cell cycle arrest and AIF-dependent
apoptosis. Furthermore, the combined treatment extends survival of mice inoculated with the
tumor cells.
Files in this item
Google Scholar:Gurzov Amarelo, Esteban Nicolás
This item appears in the following Collection(s)
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Análisis de terapias combinadas mediante nanoplataformas: una nueva estrategia para el tratamiento del cáncer
Lázaro Carrillo, Ana
2017-09-22 -
Factores relacionados con el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de Medicina: Estudio de casos y controles
Merchán-Galvis, Ángela María; Saavedra López, Harold Felipe; García Robledo, Juan Esteban; Ospina Patiño, Juan Nicolás; Aragón Guerrero, Cristian Camilo; Martínez, Juan José
2017