X chromosome inactivation during grasshopper spermatogenesis
Entity
UAM. Departamento de BiologíaPublisher
MDPIDate
2021-11-23Citation
10.3390/genes12121844
Genes 12.12 (2021): 1844
ISSN
2073-4425DOI
10.3390/genes12121844Project
Gobierno de España. BFU2009-10987; Gobierno de España. CGL2014-53106-PEditor's Version
https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12121844Subjects
Animals; Chromosome Pairing; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Gene Silencing; Grasshoppers; Lysine; Male; Meiosis; Meiotic Prophase I; RNA Polymerase II; Spermatocytes; Spermatogenesis; X Chromosome; X Chromosome Inactivation; Y Chromosome; Biología y Biomedicina / BiologíaRights
© 2021 by the authorsAbstract
Regulation of transcriptional activity during meiosis depends on the interrelated processes of recombination and synapsis. In eutherian mammal spermatocytes, transcription levels change during prophase-I, being low at the onset of meiosis but highly increased from pachytene up to the end of diplotene. However, X and Y chromosomes, which usually present unsynapsed regions throughout prophase-I in male meiosis, undergo a specific pattern of transcriptional inactivation. The interdependence of synapsis and transcription has mainly been studied in mammals, basically in mouse, but our knowledge in other unrelated phylogenetically species is more limited. To gain new insights on this issue, here we analyzed the relationship between synapsis and transcription in spermatocytes of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans. Autosomal chromosomes of this species achieve complete synapsis; however, the single X sex chromosome remains always unsynapsed and behaves as a univalent. We studied transcription in meiosis by immunolabeling with RNA polymerase II phosphorylated at serine 2 and found that whereas autosomes are active from leptotene up to diakinesis, the X chromosome is inactive throughout meiosis. This inactivation is accompanied by the accumulation of, at least, two repressive epigenetic modifications: H3 methylated at lysine 9 and H2AX phosphorylated at serine 139. Furthermore, we identified that X chromosome inactivation occurs in premeiotic spermatogonia. Overall, our results indicate: (i) transcription regulation in E. plorans spermatogenesis differs from the canonical pattern found in mammals and (ii) X chromosome inactivation is likely preceded by a process of heterochromatinization before the initiation of meiosis
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Google Scholar:Viera Vicario, Alberto
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Parra Catalán, María Teresa
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Arévalo, Sara
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García de la Vega, Carlos
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Santos, Juan Luis
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Page Utrilla, Jesús
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