Aproveitamento do óleo e azeite do coco babaçu (orbignya speciosa (mart.)) na produção do biodiesel
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Data
2020-05
Autores
Orientador
Souza, Claucia Fernanda Volken De
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Resumo
O biodiesel é uma fonte de energia renovável que poderá substituir completamente os combustíveis fósseis, possui propriedades químicas semelhantes ao diesel, mas o armazenamento, manuseio e transporte deste apresentam maior vantagem em relação ao diesel, pois o ponto de fulgor é superior. No país, os babaçuais cobrem 196 mil km2 , sendo que cerca de 60% do coco de babaçu é constituído pelo endocarpo, no qual se encontram as amêndoas em grandes quantidades. O Babaçu pode ser encontrado em vários Estados brasileiros com predominância no Maranhão. Assim, esta dissertação teve por objetivo produzir e caracterizar biodiesel a partir do óleo e do azeite do coco babaçu. Para o estudo foi utilizado óleo de coco babaçu extraído
por meio da máquina Scott Tech e o azeite de coco babaçu extraído de forma manual. As caracterizações do óleo e do azeite foram realizadas por índice de acidez, densidade, estabilidade oxidativa, teor de metil éster, ponto de fluidez, ponto de fulgor, viscosidade cinemática, que foram comparadas com as Normas vigentes da Agência Nacional do Petróleo (ANP). O óleo e o azeite do coco babaçu se mostraram favoráveis para a produção de biodiesel, nos quesitos de acidez, densidade, índice de saponificação e viscosidade. No que diz respeito ao teor de umidade na amostra analisada, este índice ficou alterado, porém se justifica que tal índice pode ser devido ao tempo da coleta ou mesmo quanto ao processo de secagem. Os biodieseis de óleo
e azeite estão em conformidade com as normas da ANP nos itens de índice de acidez, cinzas, densidade, infravermelho, ponto de fluidez, ponto de fulgor e viscosidade cinemática. As composições dos biodieseis, conforme cromatografia gasosa, mostraram-se coerentes com a estabilidade oxidativa; já os biodieseis não se
mostraram suficientemente resistentes à oxidação para alcançar o limite mínimo requerido pela ANP 798/2019 (12 horas), pois o ponto de indução (PI) detectado para o biodiesel de óleo foi 6,23 h e o biodiesel de azeite 6,19 h. Contudo, a RANP 7/2008 e a RANP 45/2014 estabeleciam o limite mínimo de 6 e 8 horas para o período de indução do biodiesel que foram alteradas pela ANP RANP 798/2019. Conclui-se que o óleo e o azeite de coco babaçu pode ser aproveitados para produção de biodiesel e contribuir para fixação do homem no campo, gerando emprego, renda e preservação ambiental.
Biodiesel is a source of renewable energy which may replace fossil fuel in the future since it has chemical proprieties similar do diesel. In addition, it presents advantage in storage, handling and shipping comparing to diesel, due to its superior flash point. In Brazil, babassu trees cover 196 thousand km2, with the endocarp of about 60% of babassu coconut, in which almonds are found in large quantities. Babassu trees can be found in several Brazilian states with predominance in Maranhao. Thus, this work aimed to produce and characterize biodiesel from babassu oil. That is an oil extracted using the Scott Tech machine and another one extracted manually from the nut. The characterizations of both babassu oil were carried out by: acidity index, density, oxidative stability, methyl ester content, pour point, flash point, kinematic viscosity that were compared to the ANP (Brazil Petroleum National Agency) Current Regulations. Both babassu oil proved to be favorable for biodiesel production, in terms of acidity, density, saponification index and viscosity. The moisture content index showed a change in the sample analyzed. However, this may be justified due to the time of collection or even regarding the drying process. Both biodiesel oils are in accordance with the ANP norms, in the following items: acidity index, ash, density, infrared, pour point, flash point and kinematic viscosity. Biodiesels compositions, according to gas chromatography, present consistent to oxidative stability. On the other hand, they did not present resistant to oxidation sufficiently to reach the minimum limit required by ANP 798/2019 (12 hours), because the induction point (IP) detected for oil biodiesel was 6.23 hours and 6.19 hours. However, RANP 7/2008 and RANP 45/2014 established the minimum limit of 6 and 8 hours for the biodiesel induction period, which were altered by ANP RANP 798/2019. In conclusion, both babassu oils can be used for biodiesel production and contribute to keeping the man in rural areas, generating employment, income and environmental preservation.
Biodiesel is a source of renewable energy which may replace fossil fuel in the future since it has chemical proprieties similar do diesel. In addition, it presents advantage in storage, handling and shipping comparing to diesel, due to its superior flash point. In Brazil, babassu trees cover 196 thousand km2, with the endocarp of about 60% of babassu coconut, in which almonds are found in large quantities. Babassu trees can be found in several Brazilian states with predominance in Maranhao. Thus, this work aimed to produce and characterize biodiesel from babassu oil. That is an oil extracted using the Scott Tech machine and another one extracted manually from the nut. The characterizations of both babassu oil were carried out by: acidity index, density, oxidative stability, methyl ester content, pour point, flash point, kinematic viscosity that were compared to the ANP (Brazil Petroleum National Agency) Current Regulations. Both babassu oil proved to be favorable for biodiesel production, in terms of acidity, density, saponification index and viscosity. The moisture content index showed a change in the sample analyzed. However, this may be justified due to the time of collection or even regarding the drying process. Both biodiesel oils are in accordance with the ANP norms, in the following items: acidity index, ash, density, infrared, pour point, flash point and kinematic viscosity. Biodiesels compositions, according to gas chromatography, present consistent to oxidative stability. On the other hand, they did not present resistant to oxidation sufficiently to reach the minimum limit required by ANP 798/2019 (12 hours), because the induction point (IP) detected for oil biodiesel was 6.23 hours and 6.19 hours. However, RANP 7/2008 and RANP 45/2014 established the minimum limit of 6 and 8 hours for the biodiesel induction period, which were altered by ANP RANP 798/2019. In conclusion, both babassu oils can be used for biodiesel production and contribute to keeping the man in rural areas, generating employment, income and environmental preservation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Reserva Ciriaco; Óleo de coco babaçu; Transesterificação; Biodiesel e matriz energética; Ciriaco Reserve; Babassu oil; Transesterification; Biodiesel and energy matrix
Citação
MACHADO, José Silva. Aproveitamento do óleo e azeite do coco babaçu (orbignya speciosa (mart.)) na produção do biodiesel. 2020. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Sistemas Ambientais Sustentáveis, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 29 maio 2020. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2870.