Categorizing ten sports according to bone and soft tissue profiles in adolescents
Agostinete, RR; Fernandes, RA; Narciso, PH; et al.Maillane-Vanegas, S; Werneck, AO; Vlachopoulos, D
Date: 27 July 2020
Article
Journal
Medicine and Science in Sports & Exercise
Publisher
Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins / American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)
Publisher DOI
Abstract
Purpose: Considering the different loading and training characteristics of the sports practiced
during growth, it is important to specify and categorize the bone and soft tissue adaptations in
adolescent athletes. This study aimed to categorize ten different loading sports and a non-sport
group and identify the differences in bone ...
Purpose: Considering the different loading and training characteristics of the sports practiced
during growth, it is important to specify and categorize the bone and soft tissue adaptations in
adolescent athletes. This study aimed to categorize ten different loading sports and a non-sport
group and identify the differences in bone density and soft tissues. Methods: The sample
included 625 adolescents (10 to 17 years of age) of ten sports (soccer, basketball, volleyball,
track & field, judo, karate, kung-fu, gymnastics, baseball and swimming) and a non-sport
group. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry assessed areal bone mineral density (aBMD), bone
mineral apparent density (BMAD) and soft tissues (lean soft tissue and fat mass). The results
were adjusted for sex, peak height velocity (PHV) status, lean soft tissue, fat mass and weekly
training volume. Results: The comparisons among groups showed that soccer had the highest
whole body aBMD (mean SEM: 1.082 g/cm2 0.007) and lower limbs aBMD (1.302g/cm2
0.010). Gymnastics presented the highest upper limbs (0.868 g/cm2
0.012) and whole body
BMAD (0.094 g/cm2
0.001). Swimming presented the lowest aBMD values in all skeletal
sites (except at the upper limbs) and whole body BMAD. The soft tissue comparisons showed
that soccer had the highest lean soft tissue (43.8 kg 0.7). The lowest fat mass was found in
gymnastics (8.04 kg 1.0). Conclusion: The present study investigated and categorised for
the first time ten different sports according to bone density and soft tissue profiles. Soccer and
gymnastics sport groups found to have the highest bone density in most body segments and
both sports were among the groups with the lowest fat mass.
Sport and Health Sciences
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