The over-prescription of opioids for chronic musculoskeletal pain in UK primary care: results from a cohort analysis of the COPERS trial
Ashaye, T; Hounsome, N; Carnes, D; et al.Taylor, SJC; Homer, K; Eldridge, S; Spencer, AE; Rahman, A; Foell, J; Underwood, MR
Date: 6 June 2018
Journal
BMJ Open
Publisher
BMJ Publishing Group
Publisher DOI
Abstract
Objective
To establish the level of opioid prescribing for patients with chronic musculoskeletal
pain in a sample of patients from primary care and to estimate prescription costs.
Design
Secondary data analyses from a two-arm pragmatic randomised controlled trial
(COPERS) testing the effectiveness of group self-management course ...
Objective
To establish the level of opioid prescribing for patients with chronic musculoskeletal
pain in a sample of patients from primary care and to estimate prescription costs.
Design
Secondary data analyses from a two-arm pragmatic randomised controlled trial
(COPERS) testing the effectiveness of group self-management course and usual
care against relaxation and usual care for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.
(ISRCTN 24426731)
Setting
25 general practices and 2 community musculoskeletal services in the UK (London
and Midlands)
Participants
703 chronic pain participants; 81% white, 67% female, enrolled in the COPERS trial.
Main outcome measures
Anonymised prescribing data over 12 months extracted from GP electronic records.
Results
Of the 703 trial participants with chronic musculoskeletal pain, 413 (59%) patients
were prescribed opioids. Among those prescribed an opioid, the number of opioid
prescriptions varied from 1 to 52 per year. A total of 3,319 opioid prescriptions were
issued over the study period, of which 53% (1,768/3,319) were for strong opioids
(tramadol, buprenorphine, morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl and tapentadol). The
mean number of opioid prescriptions per patient prescribed any opioid was 8.0
(SD=7.9). A third of patients on opioids were prescribed more than one substance;
the most frequent combinations were: codeine plus tramadol and codeine plus
morphine. The cost of opioid prescriptions per patient per year varied from £3 to
£4,844. The average annual prescription cost was £24 (SD=29) for patients
prescribed weak opioids and £174 (SD=421) for patients prescribed strong opioids.
Approximately 40% of patients received >3 prescriptions of strong opioids per year,
with an annual cost of £236 per person.
Conclusions
Long-term prescribing of opioids for chronic musculoskeletal pain is common in
primary care. More than a quarter of patients receiving strong opioids may have
been over-prescribed according to national guidelines.
Institute of Health Research
Collections of Former Colleges
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