Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Nambu-Goldstone Bosons in Quantum Many-Body Systems

0439643 - ÚJF 2015 RIV CH eng J - Článek v odborném periodiku
Brauner, Tomáš
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Nambu-Goldstone Bosons in Quantum Many-Body Systems.
Symmetry-Basel. Roč. 2, č. 2 (2010), s. 609-657. E-ISSN 2073-8994
Institucionální podpora: RVO:61389005
Klíčová slova: spontaneous symmetry breaking * Nambu-Goldstone bosons * effective field theory
Kód oboru RIV: BE - Teoretická fyzika

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a general principle that constitutes the underlying concept of a vast number of physical phenomena ranging from ferromagnetism and superconductivity in condensed matter physics to the Higgs mechanism in the standard model of elementary particles. I focus on manifestations of spontaneously broken symmetries in systems that are not Lorentz invariant, which include both nonrelativistic systems as well as relativistic systems at nonzero density, providing a self-contained review of the properties of spontaneously broken symmetries specific to such theories. Topics covered include: (i) Introduction to the mathematics of spontaneous symmetry breaking and the Goldstone theorem. (ii) Minimization of Higgs-type potentials for higher-dimensional representations. (iii) Counting rules for Nambu-Goldstone bosons and their dispersion relations. (iv) Construction of effective Lagrangians. Specific examples in both relativistic and nonrelativistic physics are worked out in detail.
Trvalý link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0242859