The essay, moving from a dualistic interpretation of the relationship between the national legal system and the EU order, aims to highlight some problematic aspects of coexistence and integration of the two legal systems, with reference to the different degree of protection that each of them ensures to the “right to work”. Firstly, the contribution outlines the centrality of the right to work (and the right of a dignified rate of remuneration), in the Italian constitutional system, as a primary vector of equality, as well as a factor of resilience to economic cycles. Within these coordinates, the full availability to the public power of the various levers of economy policy (fiscal, monetary and currency, as well as foreign trade) constitutes the (potential) toolkit placed at the service of the (primary) target: the full employment of the workforce. Otherwise, within the regulatory framework enabled by the EU system, the pre-eminence of the price stability target subordinates the “right to work”: both the rate of employment and the salary levels are no longer shaped as targets, but rather as economic policy tools. In fact, within a single currency framework – as anticipated by the optimal currency area theory – wage deflation operates both as a competition mechanism between national economies and as an instrument of recovering in reaction to an external shock. On the other hand, the fiscal policy space of Member States is constrained by rules that discount suitable (but even high ones) levels of unemployment compatible with price stability. Therefore, a contrast emerges between the two models, which looks set to intensify, since a further development of the EU integration process that fosters the social dimension and solidarity, including the right to work, it seems less and less likely.

Il saggio, muovendo da una lettura dualista del rapporto tra ordinamento nazionale e ordinamento eurounitario, intende mettere in evidenza alcuni profili problematici di convivenza ed integrazione dei due plessi giuridici, in relazione al differente grado di tutela che ciascuno di essi assicura al diritto al lavoro. In primo luogo, il contributo richiama la centralità del diritto al lavoro (e ad una retribuzione dignitosa), nel sistema costituzionale repubblicano, quale primario vettore di eguaglianza sostanziale, oltre che come fattore di resilienza ai cicli economici avversi. Entro tali coordinate, la piena disponibilità in capo al potere pubblico delle diverse leve di governo dell’economia (fiscale, monetaria e valutaria, nonché gli scambi con l’estero), costituisce il presupposto e fornisce lo strumentario posto al servizio dell’obiettivo (primario) del pieno impiego della forza lavoro. Diversamente, entro il quadro regolatorio abilitato dall’ordinamento eurounitario, la preminenza dell’obiettivo della stabilità dei prezzi determina una dequotazione del diritto al lavoro: sia il tasso di impiego della forza lavoro, sia i livelli retributivi si configurano non più come obiettivi, ma piuttosto come strumenti di politica economica. Infatti, all’interno di un sistema a moneta unica – ed in coerenza con quanto preventivato dalla teoria delle aree valutarie ottimali – la deflazione salariale opera sia come meccanismo di competizione tra le economie nazionali, sia come strumento di recupero della competitività in caso di shock esterno. D’altro canto, lo spazio delle politiche fiscali degli Stati membri è vincolato da regole che scontano come fisiologici livelli (anche elevati) di disoccupazione (perché) funzionali alla stabilità dei prezzi. Ne emerge un contrasto tra i due modelli, che appare destinato ad accentuarsi in ragione del venir meno di un orizzonte evolutivo in senso “sociale” dell’or­dinamento eurounitario.

Il “posto” del diritto al lavoro nella Costituzione repubblicana ed il conflitto con il modello economico eurounitario

benedetto ponti
2019

Abstract

The essay, moving from a dualistic interpretation of the relationship between the national legal system and the EU order, aims to highlight some problematic aspects of coexistence and integration of the two legal systems, with reference to the different degree of protection that each of them ensures to the “right to work”. Firstly, the contribution outlines the centrality of the right to work (and the right of a dignified rate of remuneration), in the Italian constitutional system, as a primary vector of equality, as well as a factor of resilience to economic cycles. Within these coordinates, the full availability to the public power of the various levers of economy policy (fiscal, monetary and currency, as well as foreign trade) constitutes the (potential) toolkit placed at the service of the (primary) target: the full employment of the workforce. Otherwise, within the regulatory framework enabled by the EU system, the pre-eminence of the price stability target subordinates the “right to work”: both the rate of employment and the salary levels are no longer shaped as targets, but rather as economic policy tools. In fact, within a single currency framework – as anticipated by the optimal currency area theory – wage deflation operates both as a competition mechanism between national economies and as an instrument of recovering in reaction to an external shock. On the other hand, the fiscal policy space of Member States is constrained by rules that discount suitable (but even high ones) levels of unemployment compatible with price stability. Therefore, a contrast emerges between the two models, which looks set to intensify, since a further development of the EU integration process that fosters the social dimension and solidarity, including the right to work, it seems less and less likely.
2019
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11391/1459503
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