Toxicidade do sulfato de cobre para a tilápia, Oreochromis niloticus e teste ecotoxicológico com Ceriodaphnia dúbia e Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
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Data
2009-07-30
Autores
Carvalho, Solange de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito sub-letal do sulfato de cobre para a tilápia, na concentração de 0,5 e 2,0 mg.L-1 durante exposição e recuperação e determinar a toxicidade aguda para Ceriodaphnia dubia e para a alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Foram realizados dois ensaios (ensaios I e II) utilizando jovens de tilápia com peso médio de 38,29 g. Determinou-se neste estudo as concentrações de cobre nas brânquias, fígado e músculo dos animais, foram feitas também análises hematológicas, imunológicas, bioquímicas e histopatológicas durante exposição ao sulfato de cobre e posterior recuperação. Para o teste de toxicidade com C. dubia e P. subcapitata foram utilizadas as mesmas concentrações de sulfato de cobre do ensaio com peixes. Os cladóceros e as algas foram expostos a diluições dessas concentrações durante sete e três dias, respectivamente. Para a C. dubia observou-se a mortalidade e o efeito sobre a reprodução dos mesmos. Já para as algas foi observado o efeito inibitório sobre a taxa de crescimento. A exposição ao cobre no ensaio I e II resultou em acúmulo significativo de cobre nos tecidos analisados, com exceção do músculo. E no período de recuperação os valores de cobre permaneceram altos. O sulfato de cobre não provocou alterações hematológicas. Por outro lado, causou diminuição da capacidade fagocítica dos macrófagos de peixes expostos à concentração de 2,0mg.L-1 de CuSO4 no ensaio I. O cobre também causou diminuição da concentração de GSH. Com relação às análises histopatológicas houve alteração nas brânquias e hepatopâncreas em ambos os ensaios. Os resultados do teste ecotoxicológico com C. dubia P. subcapitata mostrou que o sulfato de cobre causou toxicidade aguda para estes organismos. O uso desse produto na aqüicultura pode comprometer o cultivo, uma vez que ocorreram danos a saúde dos peixes...
The copper sulphate is one of the most widely used chemicals for the control of parasites and for the control of phytoplankton in aquaculture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sublethal effects of concentrations of copper sulphate on tilapia. In addition, ecotoxicity of this compound was determinate for microcrustaceans Ceriodaphnia dubia and the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The biomarkers evaluated in this study were copper bioaccumulation in tissues, hematological, immunological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. The copper toxicity for microcrustacean C. dubia, was evaluated with acute tests through mortality. The exposure to copper in the experiments I and II resulted in significant accumulation of copper in the tissues, except for the muscle. In the recovery period, the copper values of remained high in all tissues. The haematological parameters were not affected by the copper sulphate. However, was observed in experiment I a significant change in the phagocytic capacity of macrophages in fish exposed to concentration 2.0 mg CuSO4.L-1. Copper sulphate also caused biochemical changes in both experiments. It was observed that this chemical causes a decrease in the concentration of GSH. The histopathological analysis showed hyperplasia and secondary lamellae fusion in the gills, and necrosis of the hepatopâncreas in both experiments. The tests results with C. dubia and P. subcapitata showed that copper sulphate caused acute toxicity to these organisms. This study showed that copper sulphate has caused chronic toxicity in fish and acute toxicity to algae and microcrustaceans. These results indicate that the pollutant can act at different trophic levels
The copper sulphate is one of the most widely used chemicals for the control of parasites and for the control of phytoplankton in aquaculture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sublethal effects of concentrations of copper sulphate on tilapia. In addition, ecotoxicity of this compound was determinate for microcrustaceans Ceriodaphnia dubia and the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The biomarkers evaluated in this study were copper bioaccumulation in tissues, hematological, immunological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. The copper toxicity for microcrustacean C. dubia, was evaluated with acute tests through mortality. The exposure to copper in the experiments I and II resulted in significant accumulation of copper in the tissues, except for the muscle. In the recovery period, the copper values of remained high in all tissues. The haematological parameters were not affected by the copper sulphate. However, was observed in experiment I a significant change in the phagocytic capacity of macrophages in fish exposed to concentration 2.0 mg CuSO4.L-1. Copper sulphate also caused biochemical changes in both experiments. It was observed that this chemical causes a decrease in the concentration of GSH. The histopathological analysis showed hyperplasia and secondary lamellae fusion in the gills, and necrosis of the hepatopâncreas in both experiments. The tests results with C. dubia and P. subcapitata showed that copper sulphate caused acute toxicity to these organisms. This study showed that copper sulphate has caused chronic toxicity in fish and acute toxicity to algae and microcrustaceans. These results indicate that the pollutant can act at different trophic levels
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tilapia (Peixe), Alga, Efeito sub-letal, Cladóceros, Biomarcadores, Sub-lethal effect, Fish, Cladocerans, Biomarkers
Como citar
CARVALHO, Solange de. Toxicidade do sulfato de cobre para a tilápia, Oreochromis niloticus e teste ecotoxicológico com Ceriodaphnia dúbia e Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. 2009. ix, 103 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Centro de Aquicultura, 2009.