Efeito da microestrutura nas propriedades mecânicas de aços automotivos dissimilares soldados à laser
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Data
2015-12-21
Autores
Santos, Flavio Nunes dos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho visou estudar os conceitos de soldagem dissimilar e processo de soldagem a laser, aplicados em aços avançados, bem como os efeitos nas propriedades resultantes no produto final pós-soldagem. Para tanto, foram produzidos conjuntos compostos por duas chapas de aços de diferentes dimensões e propriedades mecânicas, todos utilizados em aplicações automobilísticas. Os conjuntos foram formados através da combinação do aço TRIP com aços DP, LC, BH e IF, por soldagem a laser, resultando nos seguintes pares: TRIP+BH, TRIP+IF, TRIP+DP e TRIP+LC, dos quais foram extraídos CP´s para realização de ensaios metalográficos, de tração e microdureza, visando avaliar as propriedades finais destes produtos da soldagem dissimilar, bem como um eventual potencial de emprego na indústria automobilística, de acordo com a necessidade de uso e aplicação. Com base nos ensaios, discussões e análises, observou-se que a soldagem a laser mostrou boa efetividade na união entre aços dissimilares, ainda que tenha apresentado também descontinuidades pertinentes ao processo de soldagem, evidenciando a importância do controle das variáveis de processo. Os ensaios de tração apresentaram bons resultados para o conjunto TRIP+DP, cujos valores puderam se equiparar aos do aço TRIP, individualmente. Os ensaios de perfil de dureza contribuíram para verificar conjuntos onde a interação entre aços dissimilares poderia significar boa alternativa, como no caso do TRIP+BH. A variação de propriedades observadas nos ensaios mecânicos foi evidenciada no comparativo realizado, todavia, as curvas do monitoramento/ mapeamento da variação de propriedades ilustra que a aplicação e utilização de materiais dissimilares em substituição ou em conjunto com o aço TRIP demandam especificações claras, definidas por projeto e direcionadas às aplicações ou pontos específicos do veículo.
This work aimed to evaluate both the concepts of dissimilar welding and laser welding process in advanced steels and its effects on the resulting properties of the welded products. Thus, sets consisting of two steel plates of different thickness, resistance and mechanical properties were produced, all used in automotive applications. The assemblies were formed through the combination between TRIP steel and DP, LC, BH and IF steels, by laser welding process, resulting in the following sets: TRIP+BH, TRIP+IF, TRIP+DP and TRIP+LC, from where specimens were extracted in order to perform metallographic, tensile and hardness tests, to evaluate the final properties of the dissimilar welded products, and also gather information to verify its potential of employment in the automotive industry, according to use and needs of application Based on tests, discussions and analysis performed, it was observed that the laser welding has shown good effectiveness in the union of dissimilar steels, despite of its welding discontinuities, as a result of welding process, which brings lights to importance of welding process control. The tensile tests showed good results for the TRIP+DP set, whose values could be compared to the TRIP steel, individually. The hardness profile tests contributed to verify welding sets where the interaction between dissimilar steels could imply in a good alternative, as observed in the TRIP+BH set. The variation of mechanical properties was clearly observed in the tests conducted, however, the graphics used to monitor / compare the properties variation along the samples has shown that the application and use of dissimilar materials together or in substitution of TRIP steel requires clear specifications defined by projects, and oriented to specific applications in the vehicle.
This work aimed to evaluate both the concepts of dissimilar welding and laser welding process in advanced steels and its effects on the resulting properties of the welded products. Thus, sets consisting of two steel plates of different thickness, resistance and mechanical properties were produced, all used in automotive applications. The assemblies were formed through the combination between TRIP steel and DP, LC, BH and IF steels, by laser welding process, resulting in the following sets: TRIP+BH, TRIP+IF, TRIP+DP and TRIP+LC, from where specimens were extracted in order to perform metallographic, tensile and hardness tests, to evaluate the final properties of the dissimilar welded products, and also gather information to verify its potential of employment in the automotive industry, according to use and needs of application Based on tests, discussions and analysis performed, it was observed that the laser welding has shown good effectiveness in the union of dissimilar steels, despite of its welding discontinuities, as a result of welding process, which brings lights to importance of welding process control. The tensile tests showed good results for the TRIP+DP set, whose values could be compared to the TRIP steel, individually. The hardness profile tests contributed to verify welding sets where the interaction between dissimilar steels could imply in a good alternative, as observed in the TRIP+BH set. The variation of mechanical properties was clearly observed in the tests conducted, however, the graphics used to monitor / compare the properties variation along the samples has shown that the application and use of dissimilar materials together or in substitution of TRIP steel requires clear specifications defined by projects, and oriented to specific applications in the vehicle.
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Palavras-chave
Aços avançados, Indústria automobilística, Soldagem a laser, Soldagem dissimilar, Propriedades mecânicas, Advanced steels, Automotive industry, Laser welding, Dissimilar welding, Mechanical properties