Obtenção de nanofibras de carbono a partir do processo de eletrofiação
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Data
2016-03-08
Autores
Oliveira, Juliana Bovi de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nos últimos anos, reforços constituídos de nanoestruturas em carbono, tais como nanotubos de carbono, fulerenos, grafenos e nanofibras de carbono, vêm sendo muito pesquisados devido às suas elevadas propriedades mecânicas, elétricas e térmicas. Uma vez que, as nanofibras de carbono consistem em um reforço contínuo (ou na forma de mantas) de elevada área superficial específica, associado ao fato de que estas podem ser obtidas a um baixo custo e em grandes quantidades, estas vêm se mostrando vantajosas quando comparadas aos tradicionais nanotubos de carbono. Assim, as nanofibras de carbono são ótimas candidatas para a obtenção de materiais avançados, podendo estas serem utilizadas como reforços em compósitos com diversas aplicações, tais como em implantes neurológicos e ortopédicos, como suportes de catalisadores, artefatos para aplicações aeroespaciais, dentre outras. Desta forma, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é a produção de nanofibras de carbono, empregando como precursora a manta de poliacrilonitrila (PAN) obtida pelo processo de eletrofiação via solução polimérica, com posterior utilização como reforço em compósitos poliméricos. Neste trabalho, uma manta de poliacrilonitrila com nanofibras de diâmetro de aproximadamente (375 ± 85) nm foi obtida por eletrofiação, sendo esta posteriormente carbonizada. A massa residual resultante do processo de carbonização foi de aproximadamente 38% em massa, com uma redução de 50% nos diâmetros das nanofibras após a queima das mantas de PAN, sendo que as mesmas apresentaram um rendimento de 25%. Na análise da estrutura cristalina do material carbonizado, verificou-se que o material apresentou uma desorganização estrutural. E a partir do ensaio de condutividade elétrica da manta carbonizada, concluiu-se que o material se comporta como um semi-condutor. O compósito de nanofibras de carbono/resina epóxi processado apresentou módulo de elasticidade de (3,79 ± 0,48) GPa, temperatura de transição vítrea (Tg) na faixa de 108,9 a 135,5°C, e um coeficiente de expansão térmica linear entre a faixa de 68 x 10-6/°C e 408 x 10-6/°C.
In recent years, reinforcement consisting of carbon nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphenes, and carbon nanofibers has been very researched due to its mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, besides having good thermal conductivity, mechanical resistance and high surface area. Since the carbon nanofibers comprise a continuous reinforcing with high specific surface area, associated with the fact that they can be obtained at a low cost and in large amounts, they have shown to be advantageous compared to traditional carbon nanotubes. Thus, the carbon nanofibers are excellent candidates in order to obtain advanced materials, and these can be used as reinforcements in composites with several applications such as for example, neurological and orthopedic implants, integrates in catalysts systems, devices for aerospace applications, among others. So, the main objective of this work is the processing of carbon nanofibers, using PAN as a precursor, obtained by the electrospinning process via polymer solution, with subsequent use for applications as reinforcement in polymer composites. In this work, PAN nanofibers were produced by electrospining with a diameter of approximately (375 ± 85) nm. The resulting residual weight after carbonization was approximately 38% in mass, with a diameters reduction of 50%, and the same showed a yield of 25%. From the analysis of the crystallinity structure of the carbonized material, it was found that the material presented a disordered structure. From the electrical conductivity results of the specimens, it was concluded that the material behaves as a semi-conductor. The epoxy resin/carbon nanofiber composite presented an elastic modulus value of (3.79 ± 0.48) GPa, a glass transition temperature (Tg) in the range from 108.9 to 135 5 ° C and a linear thermal expansion coefficient within the range of 68 x 10-6/°C and 408 x 10-6/°C.
In recent years, reinforcement consisting of carbon nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphenes, and carbon nanofibers has been very researched due to its mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, besides having good thermal conductivity, mechanical resistance and high surface area. Since the carbon nanofibers comprise a continuous reinforcing with high specific surface area, associated with the fact that they can be obtained at a low cost and in large amounts, they have shown to be advantageous compared to traditional carbon nanotubes. Thus, the carbon nanofibers are excellent candidates in order to obtain advanced materials, and these can be used as reinforcements in composites with several applications such as for example, neurological and orthopedic implants, integrates in catalysts systems, devices for aerospace applications, among others. So, the main objective of this work is the processing of carbon nanofibers, using PAN as a precursor, obtained by the electrospinning process via polymer solution, with subsequent use for applications as reinforcement in polymer composites. In this work, PAN nanofibers were produced by electrospining with a diameter of approximately (375 ± 85) nm. The resulting residual weight after carbonization was approximately 38% in mass, with a diameters reduction of 50%, and the same showed a yield of 25%. From the analysis of the crystallinity structure of the carbonized material, it was found that the material presented a disordered structure. From the electrical conductivity results of the specimens, it was concluded that the material behaves as a semi-conductor. The epoxy resin/carbon nanofiber composite presented an elastic modulus value of (3.79 ± 0.48) GPa, a glass transition temperature (Tg) in the range from 108.9 to 135 5 ° C and a linear thermal expansion coefficient within the range of 68 x 10-6/°C and 408 x 10-6/°C.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Poliacrilonitrila, Eletrofiação, Nanofibras de carbono, Carbonização, Polyacrylonitrile, Electrospinning, Carbon nanofibers, Carbonization