Estresse, depressão e suporte familiar em pacientes em diálise peritoneal e hemodiálise
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Data
2016-03-10
Autores
Lima, Andréia Barbosa de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As doenças crônicas na atualidade têm recebido atenção especial das organizações que tratam da saúde. Essas doenças repercutem de diversas maneiras no cotidiano do indivíduo, envolvendo seus aspectos físico, psicológico e social. Uma das doenças crônicas que está incidindo de forma negativa na vida do sujeito é a Doença Renal Crônica (DRC), a qual se refere à alteração na função do rim, de modo que, quando avançada leva o paciente a iniciar a Terapia Renal Substitutiva (TRS). Os dois métodos de TRS são a hemodiálise (HD) e a diálise peritoneal (DP), o primeiro é realizado em ambiente ambulatorial e o segundo em domicílio. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar a presença de estresse e depressão considerando a percepção de suporte familiar em pacientes em diálise peritoneal e hemodiálise, associada a dados demográficos. Participaram da pesquisa 77 sujeitos que realizam TRS, esses foram divididos em dois grupos, 47 pacientes que realizam HD ambulatorial e 30 pacientes em DP domiciliar de dois centros de diálise. Os instrumentos foram Questionário Sociodemográfico, Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL), Inventário de Percepção de Suporte Familiar (IPSF) e Escala Baptista de Depressão (EBADEP-Hosp-Amb). A análise dos dados foi realizada pelos testes Mann Whitney e Kruskal Wallis. Os resultados desse estudo apontaram que os pacientes em DP apresentam maior sintomatologia de estresse do que os que realizam HD, no que se refere à sintomatologia de depressão, os dois grupos apresentaram baixa sintomatologia, e em relação a percepção do suporte familiar, os pacientes em DP mantiveram a classificação Alta e os em HD Médio-Alto. No que tange aos cruzamentos dos dados com os sociodemográficos, houve ocorrência de significância estatística para o grupo de HD em relação ao gênero, estado civil, satisfação com a religião, suporte religioso e tempo de tratamento. Os achados referentes ao grupo de DP contrariaram a hipótese, apresentando maior frequência de estresse comparado aos pacientes que realizam HD. Este trabalho apresentou algumas limitações como o número de pacientes e possibilidade de comparação com outros estudos com a mesma amostra e instrumentos utilizados. No entanto, sua relevância na área da Psicologia e interface com outras áreas da saúde pode ser a semente para outros projetos a fim de minimizarem a dor pela qual tantos pacientes estão expostos diante da doença e tratamento.
Chronic diseases nowadays are receiving special attention from the health organizations. These diseases reverberate in different ways in the daily life of the individual, involving its physical, psychological and social aspects. One of the chronic diseases that is incurring in a negative way on the person’s life is the Chronic Kidney Disease (DRC), which refers to the kidney’s function alteration, in such way that, when advanced, it takes the patient to start Kidney Replacement Therapy (TRS). The two TRS methods are hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (DP); the first is done in an ambulatory ambient and the second at home. In these terms, the purpose of this study was to relate the presence of stress and depression considering the perception of family support in patients in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis, associated to demographic data. 77 people who passed through TRS were part of this research, those were divided in two groups, 47 patients who did ambulatory HD and 30 patients who did DP at home from two dialysis center. The instruments were the Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Lipp's Inventory of Symptoms of Stress for Adults (ISSL), Perception of Family Support Inventory (IPSF) and Baptista's Depression Scale (EBADEP-Hosp-Amb). This study’s results pointed the patients in DP presented bigger symptomatology of stress than the ones in HD. In the matter of depression’s symptomatology, both groups presented low symptomatology, and in relation to the family’s support perception, the patients in DP maintained a High classification and the ones in HD, Medium-High. Concerning the crossing of the data with the Sociodemographics, there was an occurrence of statistical significance for the group in HD in regarding the genre, marital status, fulfillment with religion, religious support and time of treatment. What was found in relation to the group in DP contradicted the hypothesis, presenting more frequency of stress compared to the patients in HD. This study presented some limitations such as the number of patients and possibility of comparison to other studies with the same sample and instruments used. However, its importance on the Psychology field and interface with other health areas can be a seed for other projects in order to minimize the pain to which so many patients are exposed before the disease and treatment.
Chronic diseases nowadays are receiving special attention from the health organizations. These diseases reverberate in different ways in the daily life of the individual, involving its physical, psychological and social aspects. One of the chronic diseases that is incurring in a negative way on the person’s life is the Chronic Kidney Disease (DRC), which refers to the kidney’s function alteration, in such way that, when advanced, it takes the patient to start Kidney Replacement Therapy (TRS). The two TRS methods are hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (DP); the first is done in an ambulatory ambient and the second at home. In these terms, the purpose of this study was to relate the presence of stress and depression considering the perception of family support in patients in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis, associated to demographic data. 77 people who passed through TRS were part of this research, those were divided in two groups, 47 patients who did ambulatory HD and 30 patients who did DP at home from two dialysis center. The instruments were the Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Lipp's Inventory of Symptoms of Stress for Adults (ISSL), Perception of Family Support Inventory (IPSF) and Baptista's Depression Scale (EBADEP-Hosp-Amb). This study’s results pointed the patients in DP presented bigger symptomatology of stress than the ones in HD. In the matter of depression’s symptomatology, both groups presented low symptomatology, and in relation to the family’s support perception, the patients in DP maintained a High classification and the ones in HD, Medium-High. Concerning the crossing of the data with the Sociodemographics, there was an occurrence of statistical significance for the group in HD in regarding the genre, marital status, fulfillment with religion, religious support and time of treatment. What was found in relation to the group in DP contradicted the hypothesis, presenting more frequency of stress compared to the patients in HD. This study presented some limitations such as the number of patients and possibility of comparison to other studies with the same sample and instruments used. However, its importance on the Psychology field and interface with other health areas can be a seed for other projects in order to minimize the pain to which so many patients are exposed before the disease and treatment.
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Palavras-chave
Estresse, Depressão, Suporte familiar, Doença renal crônica, Terapia renal substitutiva, Stress, Depression, Family support, Chronic kidney disease, Kidney replacement therapy