Infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C: conhecimento dos acadêmicos de Odontologia e dos pacientes infectados
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Data
2016-08-30
Autores
Souza, Neila Paula de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A infecção pelo vírus da hepatite (HCV) é um grave problema mundial de saúde pública. Os graduandos do curso de Odontologia apresentam alto risco de exposição à infecção pelo vírus por meio de lesões percutâneas ocupacionais e exposição dos olhos, vias de infecção já estabelecida na literatura científica. Estudos têm apontado o potencial de transmissão do HCV por vias não parentais, tal como por meio do compartilhamento de objetos contaminados, como as escovas de dente. Assim, toda a população e, principalmente, os indivíduos infectados devem ter conhecimento sobre a infecção viral e precisam executar os cuidados com as escovas de dente, com o propósito de prevenir a transmissão do patógeno. Por essas razões, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento sobre a infecção entre os graduandos do curso de Odontologia e suas atitudes frente aos pacientes infectados; e investigar o conhecimento sobre a transmissão viral entre os indivíduos infectados e as atitudes em relação aos cuidados com as escovas de dente. Para avaliar o conhecimento sobre a infecção pelo HCV entre os estudantes e suas atitudes frente aos pacientes infectados foi realizado um estudo transversal com 340 indivíduos de duas universidades públicas. Utilizou-se um instrumento contendo informações sobre: características sociodemográficas, conhecimento sobre o HCV e atitudes frente aos pacientes infectados. Os procedimentos de estatística descritiva e os testes: exato de Fisher, t de Student, U de Mann-Whitney e regressão logística múltipla (RLM) foram realizados (p <0,05 foi considerado significativo). Com o propósito de investigar o conhecimento sobre a transmissão viral dos pacientes, realizou-se um estudo com 112 indivíduos infectados pelo HCV de uma cidade do noroeste do estado de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário composto por perguntas sobre: dados sociodemográficos, conhecimento da transmissão do HCV e atitudes em relação aos cuidados com escovas de dente. As variáveis foram expressas como frequências, porcentagens, médias e desvios-padrão. A análise estatística incluiu os testes: Qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher e estimação de máxima verossimilhança (p <0,05 foi considerado significativo). Os resultados demonstraram que 46% dos graduandos não tinham alto nível de conhecimento e 97,7% deles demonstraram atitudes positivas. Já em relação aos pacientes infectados com o HCV, os resultados demonstraram que 46% dos indivíduos não tinham bom nível de conhecimento sobre a transmissão do HCV, 43,5% não identificaram a transmissão do vírus por meio de escovas de dente e 80% não acreditavam na transmissão do HCV pela saliva. Em relação aos cuidados com as escovas de dente, 35,3% apresentaram atitudes inadequadas em relação aos cuidados com as escovas de dente. Conclui-se que os estudantes de Odontologia e os pacientes demonstraram um conhecimento insatisfatório sobre a infecção pelo HCV, foram observadas algumas lacunas, sugerindo a importância da educação continuada sobre a infecção pelo vírus nessas populações, a fim de prevenir a transmissão da hepatite C, bem como reduzir a discriminação e o preconceito contra pacientes que apresentam a doença.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide health problem. Dental students are at high risk of exposure to infection with HCV through occupational percutaneous injuries and eye exposure, infection routes established in the scientific literature. Some studies have pointed the potential of transmission by sharing infected instruments, like toothbrushes. Thus, the population and mostly infected patients must be made aware of the infection and execute care with toothbrushes, in order to prevent transmission of the pathogen. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge about HCV infection amongst dental students and their attitudes towards patients infected with HCV and, to investigate the knowledge about viral transmission among HCV infected individuals and attitudes regarding toothbrush care. In order to evaluate the knowledge about HCV infection and their attitudes amongst dental students, a cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst 340 Brazilian dental students from two public universities using an instrument containing information regarding demographic characteristics, knowledge of HCV and attitudes towards patients with HCV infection. Descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact test, Student’s t-tests, Mann–Whitney U-test and multiple logistic regression (MLR) were carried out (P < 0.05 was considered significant). For purposes of to investigate the knowledge about viral transmission among HCV infected individuals, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 112 HCV-infected individuals from Uberlandia City, Minas Gerais State (Southeast Brazil). Data were collected through a questionnaire containing demographic data, questions about knowledge of HCV transmission and, attitudes regarding toothbrush care. Variables were expressed as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The statistical analysis included Chi-square test, Exact Fisher’s test and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (p < 0.05 was considered significant). Forty six percent of participants had low knowledge level, 97.7% demonstrated positive attitudes. Regarding HCV infected patients, 46% showed poor Knowledge level of HCV transmission; 43.5% percent did not identify HCV transmission through toothbrushes, 80% did not believe in HCV transmission by saliva and, 35.3% had inappropriate attitudes towards care with toothbrushes. In conclusion, dental students and HCV infected patients demonstrated an unsatisfactory knowledge of HCV infection, some gaps were observed, suggesting the importance of continuous education about HCV in this population in order to prevent HCV infection as well as discrimination and prejudice towards patients with hepatitis C.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide health problem. Dental students are at high risk of exposure to infection with HCV through occupational percutaneous injuries and eye exposure, infection routes established in the scientific literature. Some studies have pointed the potential of transmission by sharing infected instruments, like toothbrushes. Thus, the population and mostly infected patients must be made aware of the infection and execute care with toothbrushes, in order to prevent transmission of the pathogen. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge about HCV infection amongst dental students and their attitudes towards patients infected with HCV and, to investigate the knowledge about viral transmission among HCV infected individuals and attitudes regarding toothbrush care. In order to evaluate the knowledge about HCV infection and their attitudes amongst dental students, a cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst 340 Brazilian dental students from two public universities using an instrument containing information regarding demographic characteristics, knowledge of HCV and attitudes towards patients with HCV infection. Descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact test, Student’s t-tests, Mann–Whitney U-test and multiple logistic regression (MLR) were carried out (P < 0.05 was considered significant). For purposes of to investigate the knowledge about viral transmission among HCV infected individuals, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 112 HCV-infected individuals from Uberlandia City, Minas Gerais State (Southeast Brazil). Data were collected through a questionnaire containing demographic data, questions about knowledge of HCV transmission and, attitudes regarding toothbrush care. Variables were expressed as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The statistical analysis included Chi-square test, Exact Fisher’s test and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (p < 0.05 was considered significant). Forty six percent of participants had low knowledge level, 97.7% demonstrated positive attitudes. Regarding HCV infected patients, 46% showed poor Knowledge level of HCV transmission; 43.5% percent did not identify HCV transmission through toothbrushes, 80% did not believe in HCV transmission by saliva and, 35.3% had inappropriate attitudes towards care with toothbrushes. In conclusion, dental students and HCV infected patients demonstrated an unsatisfactory knowledge of HCV infection, some gaps were observed, suggesting the importance of continuous education about HCV in this population in order to prevent HCV infection as well as discrimination and prejudice towards patients with hepatitis C.
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Palavras-chave
Conhecimento, Estudantes de odontologia, Escovação dentária, Hepatite, Hepacivírus, Saliva, Transmissão, Dental students, Hepatitis, Hepacivirus, Knowledge, Knowledge, Transmission, Toothbrushing