A dinâmica do uso da terra e seu efeito nas enchentes na bacia do Córrego do Parque, Americana (SP)
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Data
2016-07-25
Autores
Silva, Rodolfo Dias da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A avaliação e dimensionamento das inundações é de grande importância para o planejamento dentro de bacias urbanas. No Brasil inundações representam quase 60% dos desastres registrados, seu crescimento deu-se fundamentalmente ao aumento do desenvolvimento urbano na segunda metade do século XX. Este processo pode ser observado em Americana (SP), que experimentou uma intensa urbanização a partir da década de 1970. Os efeitos do adensamento urbano (mapeados nos cenários de 1962, 1977, 1996, 2008 e 2016) podem ser observados no aumento do volume de escoamento superficial e no tempo e pico da descarga do Córrego do Parque, área central de Americana. No processo de investigação utilizou-se dados da caracterização granulométrica dos solos, uso da terra, precipitação, áreas de concentração de escoamento superficial dentre outros elementos que foram modelados através do software denominado IPHS1 que possui algoritmos que possibilitam a transformação chuva-vazão, por meio do modelo hidrológico Curva Número (CN). Os dados foram projetados em diversos tempos de retorno (5, 10, 20 e 50 anos), o que nos permitiu ter uma visão mais ampla dos fenômenos. Os resultados obtidos apontam que o incremento da impermeabilização entre o período de 1962 e 2016 promoveu o aumento do escoamento superficial e sobrecarga no sistema de escoamento, aumentando a intensidade de enchentes e inundações.
Evaluating and dimensioning floods have great importance for planning urban hydrographic basins. In Brazil, floods represent around 60% of all registered disasters, and it has grown essentially due to the increased urban development in the second half of the 20th century. This process can be verified in Americana (SP), which has experienced an intense urbanization since the 70’s.The urban densification effects (which were mapped in the 1962, 1977, 1996, 2008 and 2016 scenarios) can be verified on the increasing of the runoff volume and on time and peak of discharge of the Parque stream, central area of Americana. Information about the size of soil particles, land use, rainfall and runoff concentration areas were used in the research process, as well as other elements that were modeled using the software IPHS1, which has algorithms that provides the transformation of rainfall-flow rate, through the hydrological model Curve Number (CN). Data were estimated on several return times (5, 10, 20 and 50 years), what allows a wider view of the floods process. The results indicate that the increasing of soil sealing between 1962 and 2016 raised the runoff and the overload on the drainage system, increasing floods and flooding intensity.
Evaluating and dimensioning floods have great importance for planning urban hydrographic basins. In Brazil, floods represent around 60% of all registered disasters, and it has grown essentially due to the increased urban development in the second half of the 20th century. This process can be verified in Americana (SP), which has experienced an intense urbanization since the 70’s.The urban densification effects (which were mapped in the 1962, 1977, 1996, 2008 and 2016 scenarios) can be verified on the increasing of the runoff volume and on time and peak of discharge of the Parque stream, central area of Americana. Information about the size of soil particles, land use, rainfall and runoff concentration areas were used in the research process, as well as other elements that were modeled using the software IPHS1, which has algorithms that provides the transformation of rainfall-flow rate, through the hydrological model Curve Number (CN). Data were estimated on several return times (5, 10, 20 and 50 years), what allows a wider view of the floods process. The results indicate that the increasing of soil sealing between 1962 and 2016 raised the runoff and the overload on the drainage system, increasing floods and flooding intensity.
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Palavras-chave
Enchentes, SCS, Uso da terra, Flooding, Soil use and ocupation, Flooding, Soil use and ocupation