Formas orgânicas e inorgânicas de fósforo em solos tratados com resíduos orgânicos e relações com disponibilidade
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Data
2017-12-01
Autores
Braos, Lucas Boscov
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Conhecer as formas e as transformações do fósforo (P) aplicado via fertilizantes orgânicos e minerais é importante para melhorar o manejo e otimizar o uso do P. Os objetivos com o presente trabalho foram avaliar formas orgânicas e inorgânicas de P em solos adubados com esterco bovino, torta de filtro e superfosfato triplo em função do tempo de contato solo-adubo, e estabelecer relações entre as formas de P e a disponibilidade. As formas de P orgânico (Po) e inorgânico (Pi) foram determinadas em amostras de Latossolo Vermelho argiloso (LV) e de Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo arenoso (PVA), adubadas ou não com 100 mg dm-3 de P nas formas de esterco bovino, torta de filtro e superfosfato triplo, e mantidas em incubação por 15, 45, 90 e 180 dias. O Pi foi fracionado em P solúvel e fracamente retido, P ligado ao Al ou Fe, P ocluso e P ligado ao Ca. O P orgânico foi fracionado em Po lábil, Po da biomassa microbiana, Po moderadamente lábil, Po dos ácidos fúlvicos, Po dos ácidos húmicos e Po residual. Com as amostras de solo também foi conduzido experimento com plantas de milho para determinar a produção de matéria seca e a absorção de P. No latossolo foi observado maior teor de Pi ocluso e Po residual e a adubação também aumentou os teores dessas frações, indicando que o P dos adubos é incorporado às frações menos disponíveis, o que torna os teores de P disponível menores neste solo. No argissolo predominaram Pi ligado ao Fe e Po associado aos ácidos húmicos, e o P adicionado foi incorporado às formas ligadas ao Al e ao Fe, que contribuíram para maior disponibilidade de P neste solo. As frações mais estáveis tanto do Pi quanto do Po não se correlacionaram com o P disponível, e as frações menos estáveis se correlacionaram com a matéria seca acumulada e o P absorvido pelas plantas, indicando que mesmo estando em maior teor, as frações mais estáveis contribuem de forma mais limitada para a absorção de P pelas plantas. No solo latossolo, o acúmulo de P nas formas ligadas ao Al e ao Fe, no tratamento com superfosfato triplo, foi determinante para maior disponibilidade. No solo argissolo, o aumento das formas de P ligado ao Al e ao Fe, junto ao menor acúmulo de P ocluído no tratamento com esterco bovino, resultou na maior disponibilidade. A interação entre tipo de solo e adubo definiu o destino do P aplicado, bem como a disponibilidade
Evaluating the forms and transformations of phosphorus (P) applied via organic and mineral fertilizers is important to improve the management and optimize the use of P. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate organic and inorganic forms of P in two soil types, fertilized with dairy manure, filter cake and triple superphosphate, as a function of the incubation time, and to establish relationships between soil P forms and P available, plant uptake P and growth. The organic (Po) and inorganic (P) forms of P were determined on samples of typic Hapludox clayey and arenic Hapludult sand, fertilized or not with 100 mg dm-3 of P as dairy manure, filter cake and triple superphosphate, and incubated for 15, 45, 90 and 180 days. Pi was fractionated into soluble and weakly bound P, Al or Fe bound P, occluded P and Ca bound P. The organic Po was fractionated into labile Po, microbial Po, moderately labile Po, fulvic acids associate Po, humic acids associate Po and residual Po. In the soil samples, an experiment with maize plants was also carried out to determine the plant dry matter production and the absorption of P. It was observed higher levels of occluded Pi and residual Po in the Hapludox. The fertilization also increased the contents of these fractions indicating that P is incorporated to the less available fractions. Therefore, the available P contents were smaller in this soil. In the Hapludult, Fe bound Pi and humic acids associated Po were the predominant P forms. The added P was incorporated into the Al and Fe bound P forms, which contributed to higher P availability in this soil. The more stable fractions of both Pi and Po did not correlate with available P, and the less stable fractions correlated with accumulated dry matter and P uptook by plants, indicating that even having a higher P content, the more stable fractions contribute in a more limited way to the P uptake by plants. In the Hapludox, the increase of Al, Fe bound P in the triple superphosphate treatment was crucial for greater availability. In the Hapludult, the increase of Al, Fe bound P, with lower occlusion of P in cattle manure treatment, resulted in higher availability. The interaction between the soil and fertilizer type defined the fate of the applied P, as well as the availability
Evaluating the forms and transformations of phosphorus (P) applied via organic and mineral fertilizers is important to improve the management and optimize the use of P. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate organic and inorganic forms of P in two soil types, fertilized with dairy manure, filter cake and triple superphosphate, as a function of the incubation time, and to establish relationships between soil P forms and P available, plant uptake P and growth. The organic (Po) and inorganic (P) forms of P were determined on samples of typic Hapludox clayey and arenic Hapludult sand, fertilized or not with 100 mg dm-3 of P as dairy manure, filter cake and triple superphosphate, and incubated for 15, 45, 90 and 180 days. Pi was fractionated into soluble and weakly bound P, Al or Fe bound P, occluded P and Ca bound P. The organic Po was fractionated into labile Po, microbial Po, moderately labile Po, fulvic acids associate Po, humic acids associate Po and residual Po. In the soil samples, an experiment with maize plants was also carried out to determine the plant dry matter production and the absorption of P. It was observed higher levels of occluded Pi and residual Po in the Hapludox. The fertilization also increased the contents of these fractions indicating that P is incorporated to the less available fractions. Therefore, the available P contents were smaller in this soil. In the Hapludult, Fe bound Pi and humic acids associated Po were the predominant P forms. The added P was incorporated into the Al and Fe bound P forms, which contributed to higher P availability in this soil. The more stable fractions of both Pi and Po did not correlate with available P, and the less stable fractions correlated with accumulated dry matter and P uptook by plants, indicating that even having a higher P content, the more stable fractions contribute in a more limited way to the P uptake by plants. In the Hapludox, the increase of Al, Fe bound P in the triple superphosphate treatment was crucial for greater availability. In the Hapludult, the increase of Al, Fe bound P, with lower occlusion of P in cattle manure treatment, resulted in higher availability. The interaction between the soil and fertilizer type defined the fate of the applied P, as well as the availability
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Palavras-chave
adubação orgânica, Torta de filtro, Esterco bovino, fracionamento, espectrocopia RMN, organic ammendment, filter cake, dairy manure, fractionation, NMR spectroscopy