Tolerância do fitopatôgeno Fusarium oxysporum e Fusarium solani aos fungicidas na cultura do Eucalyptus grandis
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Data
2018-03-15
Autores
Guerreiro, Renato Tadeu
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presença de fungos fitopatógenos nas culturas têm ocasionado sérios problemas fitossanitários, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de Fusarium oxysporum e Fusarium solani na taxa de germinação e desenvolvimento de Eucalyptus grandi e a ação do tratamento químico com fungicidas comercias no controle da incidência dos mesmos, que foram tratadas com os seguintes fungicidas nas respectivas doses de i.a./ 100 kg de sementes: Azoxystrobina + Difenoconazol (45,0 mL), Captana (150,0 g), Carbendazim (500,0 g), Clorotalonil + Tiofanato metílico (500,0 mL), Fludioxonil (5,0 mL), Iprodiona (500 mL) , Tebuconazole (5,0 mL), Thiabendazole (30,0 mL), Tiofanato metílico (75,0 mL) e Tolyfluanida (75,0 g) . Nenhuma planta infectada sobreviveu por mais de 3 meses com a infecção. A altura das plântulas foi significativa com a infecção em relação ao controle, mas não diferem entre os patógenos. O fungicida Tebuconaloze não afetou a presença de Bacillus no substrato fato que não ocorre com os outros testados. O fungicida triticonazole reduziu significativamente a incidência de F. oxysporum e F. solani nas sementes tratadas. O fungicida Iprodiona foi inferior aos demais fungicidas comportando-se de maneira negativa ao controle dos patógenos e as taxas de germinação. Houve influência dos fungicidas na germinação das sementes em relação ao controle. Na estufa agrícola a emergência e velocidade de emergência de plântulas, também não foram afetadas. A presença dos patógenos no substrato testado não foi detectada após 180 dias de tratamento. Os fungicidas fludioxinol, Thiabendazole, Tiofanato metílico e triticonazole controlaram os patógenos nos primeiros dias de tratamento, sem reincidências. Algumas doenças acometeram as mudas saudáveis tratadas no decorrer do desenvolvimento.
The presence of phytopathogenic fungi in crops has caused serious phytosanitary problems,in order to evaluate the effect of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani on the germination rate and development of Eucalyptus grandi and the chemical treatment with commercial fungicides in the control of the same, were treated with the following fungicides in the respective doses of ia 100 Kg of seeds: : Azoxistrobina + Difenoconazol (45,0 mL), Captana (150,0 g), Carbendazim (500,0 g), Clorotalonil + Tiofanato metílico (500,0 mL), Fludioxonil (5,0 mL), Iprodiona (500 mL) , Tebuconazole (5,0 mL), Thiabendazole (30,0 mL), Tiofanato metílico (75,0 mL) and Tolyfluanida (75,0 g) No infected plant has survived for more than 3 months with the infection. The height of the seedlings was significant with the infection related to the control, but did not differ among the pathogens. The presence of Bacillus in the substrate was not affected by the Tebuconaloze fact that does not occur with the others tested. The fungicide triticonazole significantly reduced the incidence of F. oxysporum and F. solani in the treated seeds. The fungicide Iprodiona was inferior to the other fungicides behaving in a negative way to control the pathogens and the germination rates. There was influence of the fungicides on the germination of the seeds related to the control. In the greenhouse the emergence and emergence speed of seedlings were also not affected. The presence of the pathogens in the substrate tested was not detected after 180 days of treatment, the fungicides Fludioxonil, Thiabendazole, methyl thiophanate and triticonazole controlled the pathogens in the first days of treatment, without relapses. Some diseases affected the healthy seedlings treated during the development.
The presence of phytopathogenic fungi in crops has caused serious phytosanitary problems,in order to evaluate the effect of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani on the germination rate and development of Eucalyptus grandi and the chemical treatment with commercial fungicides in the control of the same, were treated with the following fungicides in the respective doses of ia 100 Kg of seeds: : Azoxistrobina + Difenoconazol (45,0 mL), Captana (150,0 g), Carbendazim (500,0 g), Clorotalonil + Tiofanato metílico (500,0 mL), Fludioxonil (5,0 mL), Iprodiona (500 mL) , Tebuconazole (5,0 mL), Thiabendazole (30,0 mL), Tiofanato metílico (75,0 mL) and Tolyfluanida (75,0 g) No infected plant has survived for more than 3 months with the infection. The height of the seedlings was significant with the infection related to the control, but did not differ among the pathogens. The presence of Bacillus in the substrate was not affected by the Tebuconaloze fact that does not occur with the others tested. The fungicide triticonazole significantly reduced the incidence of F. oxysporum and F. solani in the treated seeds. The fungicide Iprodiona was inferior to the other fungicides behaving in a negative way to control the pathogens and the germination rates. There was influence of the fungicides on the germination of the seeds related to the control. In the greenhouse the emergence and emergence speed of seedlings were also not affected. The presence of the pathogens in the substrate tested was not detected after 180 days of treatment, the fungicides Fludioxonil, Thiabendazole, methyl thiophanate and triticonazole controlled the pathogens in the first days of treatment, without relapses. Some diseases affected the healthy seedlings treated during the development.
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Palavras-chave
Fitopatógenos, Bacillus, Fungicidas, Germinação, Phytopathogens, Fungicide, Germination