Aspectos produtivos do pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus e do seu híbrido tambacu cultivados em sistema de viveiros escavados
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Data
2018-02-23
Autores
Fernandes, Érica Machado
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivou-se avaliar os aspectos produtivos do pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus e do híbrido tambacu (♂ pacu x ♀ tambaqui) cultivados em viveiros escavados. O ex-perimento foi conduzido em Pariquera-Açú, no setor de Piscicultura do Pólo Regional do Vale do Ribeira (APTA). 150 peixes de cada grupo genético com peso médio inicial de 128±4g (pacu) e 125±5g (tambacu) foram estocados em 6 viveiros escavados divi-didos em duas partes em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 6 tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2x3 (grupos genéticos x planos nutricionais). Os peixes foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia (ad libitum), com rações comerciais extrusadas de acordo com três planos nutricionais: plano nutricional 1 (P1), oferta de ração com 24% de proteína bruta (PB) durante todo o cultivo; plano nutricional 2 (P2), oferta de ração com 28% e 24% de PB na primeira e segunda fase de cultivo; plano nutricional 3 (P3), oferta de ração com 32%, 28% e 24% de PB na primeira, segunda e terceira fase. Após 163 dias de cultivo, foram avaliados os parâmetros zootécnicos: taxa de sobre-vivência, peso final, ganho de peso médio diário e conversão alimentar aparente. Tam-bém foram avaliados os rendimentos corporais e a composição química do filé. Adici-onalmente, foram realizadas análises econômicas do desempenho e dos rendimentos corporais. O híbrido tambacu foi superior (p<0,05) a espécie pura pacu apresentando maiores médias de peso final e ganho de peso médio diário. Para as características de carcaça, foi observado maior (p<0,05) rendimento de filé com costela do pacu. Em relação à composição química do filé, o tambacu apresentou maiores (p<0,05) teores de PB e cinzas, enquanto o pacu apresentou um filé com maior (p<0,05) teor lipídico. Os indicadores econômicos e a análise de viabilidade econômica apontam que o hí-brido tambacu submetido ao plano nutricional constituído inicialmente com o maior teor proteico mostrou ser a atividade mais rentável dentre todos os tratamentos avaliados
The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive aspects of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus and tambacu (♂ pacu x ♀ tambaqui) reared in ponds. The experiment was carried out in Pariquera-Açú, in the fish farming of São Paulo Agribusiness Tech-nology Agency (APTA). 150 fish of each genetic group with initial mean weight of 128 ± 4g (pacu) and 125 ± 5g (tambacu) were stored in 6 ponds divided into two parts in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments in a 2x3 factorial scheme (genetic groups x nutritional plans). Fish were fed twice a day (ad libitum), with commercial diets according to three nutritional plans: nutritional plan 1 (P1), feed with 24% crude protein (PB) during the experimental period; nutritional plan 2 (P2), feed with 28% and 24% of CP in the first and second phases; nutritional plan 3 (P3), feed with 32%, 28% and 24% CP in the first, second and third phases. After 163 days of cultivation, the growth pa-rameters were observed: survival rate, final weight, average daily weight gain and feed conversion. It was also determinated the body yields and chemical composition of fillet. In addition, economic analyzes of performance and body yield were performed. The hybrid tambacu was superior (p <0.05) to the purebred pacu, presenting higher average of final weight and daily weight gain. For the carcass traits, pacu presented higher (p <0.05) yield of fillet with rib. In relation to the chemical composition of fillet, tambacu presented higher (p <0.05) CP and ash contents, while pacu presented a fillet with higher (p <0.05) lipid content. The economic indicators and the economic viability anal-ysis show that the hybrid tambacu submitted to the nutritional plan initialy constituted with the highest protein content showed to be the most profitable activity among all evaluated treatments.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive aspects of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus and tambacu (♂ pacu x ♀ tambaqui) reared in ponds. The experiment was carried out in Pariquera-Açú, in the fish farming of São Paulo Agribusiness Tech-nology Agency (APTA). 150 fish of each genetic group with initial mean weight of 128 ± 4g (pacu) and 125 ± 5g (tambacu) were stored in 6 ponds divided into two parts in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments in a 2x3 factorial scheme (genetic groups x nutritional plans). Fish were fed twice a day (ad libitum), with commercial diets according to three nutritional plans: nutritional plan 1 (P1), feed with 24% crude protein (PB) during the experimental period; nutritional plan 2 (P2), feed with 28% and 24% of CP in the first and second phases; nutritional plan 3 (P3), feed with 32%, 28% and 24% CP in the first, second and third phases. After 163 days of cultivation, the growth pa-rameters were observed: survival rate, final weight, average daily weight gain and feed conversion. It was also determinated the body yields and chemical composition of fillet. In addition, economic analyzes of performance and body yield were performed. The hybrid tambacu was superior (p <0.05) to the purebred pacu, presenting higher average of final weight and daily weight gain. For the carcass traits, pacu presented higher (p <0.05) yield of fillet with rib. In relation to the chemical composition of fillet, tambacu presented higher (p <0.05) CP and ash contents, while pacu presented a fillet with higher (p <0.05) lipid content. The economic indicators and the economic viability anal-ysis show that the hybrid tambacu submitted to the nutritional plan initialy constituted with the highest protein content showed to be the most profitable activity among all evaluated treatments.
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cruzamento interespecífico, desempenho zootécnico, proteína bruta, rendimentos corporais, body yields, crude protein, interspecific crossing, growth performance