Sincronização por pós-processamento de um Sistema de Varredura a LASER embarcado em VANT
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Data
2018-02-23
Autores
Machado, Marcela do Valle [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Devido ao elevado custo de Sistemas de Varredura a LASER Aerotransportados (SVLA) e a miniaturização de sensores, sistemas de varredura a LASER (SVL) de menor peso e custo têm sido uma alternativa para estudos florestais. Aliado a estes sistemas, a crescente utilização de Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados (VANT) possibilita a aquisição de dados com maior flexibilidade e rapidez, o que permite a utilização de SVL mais leves neste tipo de plataforma. Todavia, a integração e sincronização dos dispositivos do sistema demanda árduo trabalho de conexão eletrônica e computacional. Em casos que não seja possível realizar a sincronização eletrônica entre os dispositivos do sistema, uma alternativa é a sincronização por pósprocessamento, estabelecida por meio da relação entre os dados temporais obtidos com o LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) e com o GNSS (Global Navigation Sattelite Systems), durante a trajetória de voo do SVL embarcado em VANT. Para relacionar estes dados, são realizadas manobras de voo na forma senoidal durante a decolagem e pouso com o sistema, a fim de gerar pontos de máximos e mínimos. Com isso, os dados LASER e as posições da plataforma, coletados pelos dispositivos LASER e GNSS/IMU em sistemas de tempo diferentes, são relacionados por meio da diferença de distância e altura em função do tempo. Posteriormente, o tempo dos dados LASER é corrigido para tempo GPS, caracterizando a sincronização por pós-processamento, e refinado pelo Método dos Mínimos Quadrado. Desse modo, a nuvem de pontos pode então ser gerada. O controle de qualidade altimétrico utilizando pontos de apoio coletados em campo, apresentou uma acurácia de 11,6 cm. Para o controle planimétrico foi verificada uma acurácia de 45 cm para a componente E e 62 cm para a componente N. A partir das acurácias encontradas para a nuvem de pontos, conclui-se que a técnica de sincronização empregada é uma alternativa viável para relacionar dispositivos desacoplados de um SVL e que a acurácia centimétrica do sistema permite que este seja empregado em diversas aplicações, dentre as quais estão estimativa de altura de árvores.
Due to the high cost of Airborne LASER Scanning (ALS) and the miniaturization of sensors, low-cost and low-weight LASER systems have been an alternative for forestry studies. Together with these systems, the increasing use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) platforms, also low cost, enables the acquisition of data with greater flexibility and speed, which allows the use of low-weight SVL in this type of platform. However, the integration and synchronization of the devices of the system demands specialised work for electronic and computational connections. In cases where it is not possible to perform electronic synchronization between the devices of the system, an alternative is the post-processing synchronization, established through the relationship between the signals obtained with LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and GNSS (Global Navigation Sattelite Systems), during the flight path of the SVL boarded in UAV. To relate these signals, flight maneuvers are performed in the a sinusoidal form shape during takeoff and landing with the system in order to obtain peaks of maximum and minimum. Thus, the LASER data and platform positions collected by the LASER and GNSS / IMU devices in different time systems are related by distance and height as a function of time. Subsequently, the LASER data time is corrected to match GPS time, characterizing the post-processing synchronization, and latter refined by the Least Square Method. In this way, the point cloud can then be generated. The quality control for altimetry, using control points collected in the field, achieved an obtained accuracy of 11.6 cm. The planimetric quality control achieve an accuracy of 45 cm the E component and 62 cm for the N component. From the accuracy achieved for the point cloud, it was concluded that the synchronization technique used is a viable alternative to relate decoupled devices of an ALS and that the centimetric accuracy of the system allows it to be used in several applications, such as tree height estimation.
Due to the high cost of Airborne LASER Scanning (ALS) and the miniaturization of sensors, low-cost and low-weight LASER systems have been an alternative for forestry studies. Together with these systems, the increasing use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) platforms, also low cost, enables the acquisition of data with greater flexibility and speed, which allows the use of low-weight SVL in this type of platform. However, the integration and synchronization of the devices of the system demands specialised work for electronic and computational connections. In cases where it is not possible to perform electronic synchronization between the devices of the system, an alternative is the post-processing synchronization, established through the relationship between the signals obtained with LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and GNSS (Global Navigation Sattelite Systems), during the flight path of the SVL boarded in UAV. To relate these signals, flight maneuvers are performed in the a sinusoidal form shape during takeoff and landing with the system in order to obtain peaks of maximum and minimum. Thus, the LASER data and platform positions collected by the LASER and GNSS / IMU devices in different time systems are related by distance and height as a function of time. Subsequently, the LASER data time is corrected to match GPS time, characterizing the post-processing synchronization, and latter refined by the Least Square Method. In this way, the point cloud can then be generated. The quality control for altimetry, using control points collected in the field, achieved an obtained accuracy of 11.6 cm. The planimetric quality control achieve an accuracy of 45 cm the E component and 62 cm for the N component. From the accuracy achieved for the point cloud, it was concluded that the synchronization technique used is a viable alternative to relate decoupled devices of an ALS and that the centimetric accuracy of the system allows it to be used in several applications, such as tree height estimation.
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Palavras-chave
Sistema GNSS/IMU, Airborne LASER Scanning System (ALS), GNSS/IMU System, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), Sincronização por pós-processamento, Sistema de Varredura a LASER (SVL), Veículo Aéreo Não Tripulado (VANT), Post-Processing Synchronization