Avaliação microbiológica de luvas de procedimento em ambiente hospitalar: revisão integrativa
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Data
2018-03-01
Autores
Neves, Ana Paula Amâncio
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Introdução: Infecção hospitalar é definida como qualquer tipo de infecção adquirida durante a hospitalização, desde que não esteja incubada anteriormente à internação, ou então relacionada a algum procedimento, podendo manifestar-se inclusive após a alta do paciente. Podem resultar em internação prolongada, aumento de resistência microbiana aos antimicrobianos, aumento da mortalidade, além de custos adicionais para o sistema de saúde, pacientes e seus familiares. Atualmente representam além de uma preocupação dos serviços de saúde, um problema social, ético e jurídico frente às implicações na vida dos pacientes e os riscos a que estão submetidos. Objetivo: Analisar as publicações nacionais e internacionais referentes à contaminação de luvas de procedimento em ambiente hospitalar. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, método de pesquisa utilizado na Prática Baseada em Evidências. Resultados: Como resultado obteve-se 49 artigos científicos. Após leitura de títulos e resumos foram selecionadas doze artigos para leitura na íntegra, dos quais apenas quatro relacionavam-se ao tema proposto. Um estudo apontou elevada taxa microbiana das luvas, analisadas antes da abertura das caixas, questionando sobre a contaminação durante a fabricação ou modo de armazenamento das caixas. Outros dois artigos referem-se à possibilidade de implementação de luvas revestidas com material antimicrobiano, uma vez que mostraram-se com menor carga microbiana, em comparação às luvas de procedimento comum. Por fim, um estudo analisou a contaminação das luvas em três momentos distintos, início, meio e fim da caixa, para investigar se o tempo de abertura interfere na possível contaminação das luvas, porém não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre esses momentos. Considerações finais: As luvas de procedimento mostram a presença de microrganismos patogênicos, os quais podem ocasionar danos tanto para o paciente como o profissional de saúde. Faz-se necessário uma politica de fiscalização em relação ao fluxograma que abrange desde sua fabricação e liberação na indústria até o uso nos ambientes de saúde.
Background: Hospital infection is defined as any type of infection acquired during hospitalization, provided that it is not incubated prior to hospitalization or related to any procedure, and may even occur after patient's discharged from the hospital. They may result in prolonged hospitalization, increased microbial resistance to antimicrobials, increased mortality, and additional costs for the health system, patients, and their families. Nowadays, they represent a social, ethical and legal problem in addition to a concern of the health services, considering the implications in patients’ life and the risks they are subjected to. Aim: Analyze national and international publications regarding the contamination of procedure gloves in a hospital environment. Methods: This is an integrative literature's review, a research method used in Evidence-Based Practice. Results: A total of 49 scientific articles were obtained. After reading titles and abstracts, twelve articles were selected for a full read, of which only four were related to the proposed theme. A study indicated a high gloves' microbial rate, analyzed before boxes being opened, questioning about the manufacture or storage contamination. Two other articles show the possibility of implementing gloves coated with an antimicrobial material since they showed lower microbial burden compared to gloves of common procedure. Finally, a study analyzed gloves' contamination at three different moments, beginning, middle, and ending box, in order to check if the opening time interferes in the gloves’ contamination, but there was no statistically significant difference between these moments. Conclusions: Procedure gloves have pathogenic microorganisms, which can damage both the patient and the health professional. There is a need for a control policy regarding the flowchart that covers everything from its manufacture and releases from the industry to the use in health environments.
Background: Hospital infection is defined as any type of infection acquired during hospitalization, provided that it is not incubated prior to hospitalization or related to any procedure, and may even occur after patient's discharged from the hospital. They may result in prolonged hospitalization, increased microbial resistance to antimicrobials, increased mortality, and additional costs for the health system, patients, and their families. Nowadays, they represent a social, ethical and legal problem in addition to a concern of the health services, considering the implications in patients’ life and the risks they are subjected to. Aim: Analyze national and international publications regarding the contamination of procedure gloves in a hospital environment. Methods: This is an integrative literature's review, a research method used in Evidence-Based Practice. Results: A total of 49 scientific articles were obtained. After reading titles and abstracts, twelve articles were selected for a full read, of which only four were related to the proposed theme. A study indicated a high gloves' microbial rate, analyzed before boxes being opened, questioning about the manufacture or storage contamination. Two other articles show the possibility of implementing gloves coated with an antimicrobial material since they showed lower microbial burden compared to gloves of common procedure. Finally, a study analyzed gloves' contamination at three different moments, beginning, middle, and ending box, in order to check if the opening time interferes in the gloves’ contamination, but there was no statistically significant difference between these moments. Conclusions: Procedure gloves have pathogenic microorganisms, which can damage both the patient and the health professional. There is a need for a control policy regarding the flowchart that covers everything from its manufacture and releases from the industry to the use in health environments.
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Palavras-chave
Enfermagem, Infecção hospitalar, Luvas protetoras, Contaminação, Nursing, Hospital infection, Protective gloves, Contamination