A qualidade das águas em canais fluviais da bacia hidrográfica do córrego do gramado, no município de Presidente Prudente- SP: a interpretação a partir dos diferentes formas de apropriações do território
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Data
2018-05-16
Autores
Vieira, Andre Gonçalves [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso e a cobertura da terra sem planejamento adequado alteram as condições naturais de uma bacia hidrográfica. Essa situação pode ser observada em diversos municípios, como no caso de Presidente Prudente - SP, e em particular, na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego do Gramado, que se localiza na zona leste do município. As atividades antrópicas desenvolvidas na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego do Gramado alteram a qualidade das águas superficiais dos canais fluviais tanto na área urbanizada quanto na área rural. Desta forma, este trabalho analisou possíveis relações entre variáveis físicas e químicas da água, bioindicadores da qualidade de água e uso e cobertura da terra na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego do Gramado, município de Presidente Prudente. As amostras de água foram processadas em campo e em laboratório. Os macroinvertebrados aquáticos foram amostrados com um coletor de bentos surber, com malha de 250 µm e então levados ao laboratório, onde foram triados e identificados. Os organismos foram coletados, entre os meses nov./16, fev./17 e jun./17. Foram identificados 33 taxons de organismos bentônicos. Chironomidae, Oligochaeta e Simuliidae estiveram presentes nos três pontos e nas três amostras. Os Ephemeroptera e Trichoptera foram encontrados nos P1 e P3, porem ausentes no P2. Resultados para analises físico-químicas houve alteração em nov./16 quando não houve precipitação de chuva. A composição da fauna mostrou-se distinta entre todos os municípios estudados. Os resultados indicaram famílias presentes nos canais fluviais são mais tolerantes a alterações ambientais com media e/ou baixa pontuação no BMWP. Porém o P3 do Córrego do Gramado esta com melhor pontuação comparado aos P1 e P2. O estudo revela que as condições ambientais da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego do Gramado, no que diz respeito à presença de vegetação natural e/ou reflorestada possuem influência na determinação da estrutura e composição da comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos. Além disso, fatores espaciais (distribuição geográfica) podem estar exercendo influência sobre a diversidade regional.
Land use and land cover without adequate planning changes the natural conditions of a river basin. This situation can be observed in several municipalities, as in the case of Presidente Prudente - SP, and in particular, in the catchment area of Córrego do Gramado, which is located in the eastern part of the municipality. The anthropic activities developed in the catchment area of the Gramado stream change the quality of the surface waters of the river channels in the urbanized area as well as in the rural area. In this way, this work analyzed possible relationships between physical and chemical variables of water, bioindicators of water quality and use and land cover in the catchment area of the Gramado stream, in the municipality of Presidente Prudente. The water samples were processed in the field and in the laboratory. The aquatic macroinvertebrates were sampled with a surber bent collector, with a mesh of 250 μm and then taken to the laboratory, where they were screened and identified. The organisms were collected between the months of Nov./16, Feb./17 and Jun./17. 33 taxa of benthic organisms were identified. Chironomidae, Oligochaeta and Simuliidae were present in the three points and in the three samples. Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were found in P1 and P3, but absent in P2. Results for physicalchemical analyzes were changed in November / 16 when there was no rainfall. The fauna composition was distinct among all the studied municipalities. The results indicated families present in the fluvial channels are more tolerant to environmental changes with mean and / or low scores in the BMWP. However, the Gramado Creek P3 has better scores compared to P1 and P2. The study reveals that the environmental conditions of the Gramado Creek watershed, with respect to the presence of natural and / or reforested vegetation, influence the structure and composition of the community of benthic macroinvertebrates. In addition, spatial factors (geographic distribution) may be influencing regional diversity.
Land use and land cover without adequate planning changes the natural conditions of a river basin. This situation can be observed in several municipalities, as in the case of Presidente Prudente - SP, and in particular, in the catchment area of Córrego do Gramado, which is located in the eastern part of the municipality. The anthropic activities developed in the catchment area of the Gramado stream change the quality of the surface waters of the river channels in the urbanized area as well as in the rural area. In this way, this work analyzed possible relationships between physical and chemical variables of water, bioindicators of water quality and use and land cover in the catchment area of the Gramado stream, in the municipality of Presidente Prudente. The water samples were processed in the field and in the laboratory. The aquatic macroinvertebrates were sampled with a surber bent collector, with a mesh of 250 μm and then taken to the laboratory, where they were screened and identified. The organisms were collected between the months of Nov./16, Feb./17 and Jun./17. 33 taxa of benthic organisms were identified. Chironomidae, Oligochaeta and Simuliidae were present in the three points and in the three samples. Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were found in P1 and P3, but absent in P2. Results for physicalchemical analyzes were changed in November / 16 when there was no rainfall. The fauna composition was distinct among all the studied municipalities. The results indicated families present in the fluvial channels are more tolerant to environmental changes with mean and / or low scores in the BMWP. However, the Gramado Creek P3 has better scores compared to P1 and P2. The study reveals that the environmental conditions of the Gramado Creek watershed, with respect to the presence of natural and / or reforested vegetation, influence the structure and composition of the community of benthic macroinvertebrates. In addition, spatial factors (geographic distribution) may be influencing regional diversity.
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Palavras-chave
Macroinvertebrados, Qualidade da água, Uso e cobertura da terra, Bacia hidrográfica, Macroinvertebrates, Water quality, Land use and land cover, Hydrographic basin