Rios sobre o asfalto: conhecendo a paisagem para entender as enchentes
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Data
2018-03-05
Autores
Foloni, Fernanda Moço
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As transformações urbanas ocorridas ao longo do século XX tiveram um papel fundamental na configuração atual das cidades, sendo também a causa de algumas adversidades no ambiente urbano. Seguindo os rastros deixados pelos rios urbanos no curso da história, entendemos a importância do estudo e incorporação da paisagem nos projetos de infraestrutura urbana. Esta pesquisa busca entender uma das principais dificuldades encontradas em muitas cidades brasileiras: as enchentes. Através de consultas bibliográficas, foi possível encontrar na conceituação de paisagem, uma base teórica para analisar a relação dos rios com a cidade de Bauru/SP, a partir das cinco portas da paisagem de Jean-Marc Besse. Cada porta possibilita uma abordagem diferenciada da paisagem urbana, que serão usadas como ferramentas metodológicas para percepção da interação entre o objeto de estudo – o Córrego das Flores – e a paisagem de Bauru. Ainda com o auxílio de bibliografias, apoiadas por documentos, fotos e reportagens obtidas em arquivos municipais, foi analisado o desenvolvimento e expansão da cidade para explicar o contexto no qual o objeto – e o lugar onde se insere – foi transformado, bem como a identidade da população para com o córrego e a nova Avenida Nações Unidas, durante as obras no século XX e nos dias atuais, nos quais convivem com enchentes e alagamentos frequentes. Apresentando medidas sustentáveis para a mitigação das enchentes, o questionário aplicado com os moradores de Bauru e as entrevistas com especialistas em drenagem, engenharia e arquitetura, reafirmam a importância de restabelecer a ligação entre homem e natureza no meio urbano, revitalizando os espaços livres e naturais remanescentes, e agindo como conexão entre moradores e governantes para alcançar tanto uma qualidade de vida melhor quanto uma paisagem equilibrada.
The urban transformations that happened during the 20th century had a fundamental role on the current configuration of cities, being also the cause of some adversities in the urban environment. Following the trails left by urban rivers in the course of history, we understand the importance of the study and incorporation of the landscape in the urban infrastructure projects. This research seeks to understand one of the main difficulties found in many Brazilian cities: the floods. Throughout bibliographic queries, it was possible to find in the conception of landscape, a theoretical basis to analyze the relation of rivers with the city of Bauru/SP, through the five landscape doors of Jean-Marc Besse. Each door allows the study of a particularity of the urban landscape, which will be used as methodological tools for the perception of the interaction between the object of study – o Córrego das Flores – and Bauru’s landscape. Allied with the contribution of bibliography, supported by documents, photos and reports obtained from municipal archives, it was analyzed the development and expansion of the city to explain the context in which the object – and the place its place – was transformed, as the identity of the population with the stream and the new Avenida Nações Unidas, during the constructions on the XX Century and in the current days, in which coexist with frequent floods and overflows. Presenting sustainable measures for floods mitigation, the questionnaire applied with Bauru’s inhabitants and the interviews with specialists in draining, engineering and architecture, reinforce the importance of reestablishing the connection between human and nature on the urban environment, revitalizing the remaining free and natural spaces, and acting as a connection between inhabitants and leaders, to reach both a better quality of life and a more balanced landscape.
The urban transformations that happened during the 20th century had a fundamental role on the current configuration of cities, being also the cause of some adversities in the urban environment. Following the trails left by urban rivers in the course of history, we understand the importance of the study and incorporation of the landscape in the urban infrastructure projects. This research seeks to understand one of the main difficulties found in many Brazilian cities: the floods. Throughout bibliographic queries, it was possible to find in the conception of landscape, a theoretical basis to analyze the relation of rivers with the city of Bauru/SP, through the five landscape doors of Jean-Marc Besse. Each door allows the study of a particularity of the urban landscape, which will be used as methodological tools for the perception of the interaction between the object of study – o Córrego das Flores – and Bauru’s landscape. Allied with the contribution of bibliography, supported by documents, photos and reports obtained from municipal archives, it was analyzed the development and expansion of the city to explain the context in which the object – and the place its place – was transformed, as the identity of the population with the stream and the new Avenida Nações Unidas, during the constructions on the XX Century and in the current days, in which coexist with frequent floods and overflows. Presenting sustainable measures for floods mitigation, the questionnaire applied with Bauru’s inhabitants and the interviews with specialists in draining, engineering and architecture, reinforce the importance of reestablishing the connection between human and nature on the urban environment, revitalizing the remaining free and natural spaces, and acting as a connection between inhabitants and leaders, to reach both a better quality of life and a more balanced landscape.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Paisagem, Rios urbanos, Enchentes, Infraestrutura verde, Bauru/SP, Landscape, Urban rivers, Floods, Green infrastructure