“Quantas curtidas merece essa trans?”: a recepção da transexualidade nas mídias digitais
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Data
2018-12-04
Autores
Vieira Junior, Luiz Augusto Mugnai [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As mídias digitais juntamente com seus aparatos multifuncionais possibilitaram um protagonismo de seus usuários no processo de comunicação. Comentar em um Portal de notícia ou compartilhar, seguir, curtir ou se organizar em um grupo na Rede Social permitiu que os seus usuários expusessem mais efetivamente as suas opiniões assim como também possibilitou uma maior visibilidade de grupos sociais como os das pessoas transexuais. A partir de uma investigação antropológica imersiva oculta em ambientes on-line utilizando-se dos estudos de recepção a presente pesquisa teve como a principal problemática compreender a receptividade da transexualidade. Procurou-se entender quais argumentos têm fundamentado os discursos deslegitimadores da transexualidade e aqueles legitimadores da experiência das pessoas trans. Dessa forma a pesquisa analisou os discursos sobre transexualidade a partir de comentários feitos por leitoras/es do Portal Globo.com - publicações em suas versões digitais e de grupos compostos por pessoas que se identificam ou não com as transexuais alojados no Facebook. Como também as falas de figuras expressivas circulantes na internet que ao falar de identidade e ideologia de gênero se mostram tanto articuladas ou não com o discurso das transexuais. Coube a participação da ex- Big Brother Brasil 11, Ariadna Arantes, introduzir a mudança tanto, na frequência, como no tom dos discursos que deixam de ser anedóticos para se mostrarem mais políticos nas matérias sobre transexualidade publicadas no Portal Globo.com. Por meio da análise dos dados que se valeu dos estudos de gênero e sexualidade que dialogam com vertentes pós-estruturalistas observou que os comentários deslegitimadores em sua maioria se fundamentam de enunciados de exclusão, desumanização e distorção e, que por sua vez, se apropriam regularmente de discursos sociais que percebem a pessoa transexual como antinatural, antimoral e anticristã. Em relação antônima aos discursos que não reconhecem os direitos das pessoas transexuais, os legitimadores da transexualidade elaboram em grande parte os seus enunciados por meio da inclusão, humanidade e esclarecimento se utilizando frequentemente de discursos natural/antrópico, moral/laico e cristianismo ampliado/superado sobre as pessoas transexuais. As preocupações que conduziram a pesquisa foram atravessadas pelo advento de combate aos estudos de gênero chamado por seus opositores de “ideologia de gênero”, num cenário em que as palavras pertencentes ao vocabulário de gênero trouxeram não somente uma disputa semântica conceitual, mas também uma resistência e batalha on-line. Ademais, a maior visibilidade da transexualidade nos meios digitais revelou, sobretudo, conservadorismos, e a predominância de discurso deslegitimador que tem como base a misoginia e a demonização de gênero, assim como visibilizou mudanças nas redes on-line da inclusão positivada e humanizada das pessoas trans.
The digital medias along with its multifunctional devices have enabled its users to play a leading role in the communication process. Commenting on a News Portal or sharing, following, liking or organizing a group on the Social Network has allowed its users to more effectively expound their opinions as well as to enable greater visibility of social groups such as transgender people. From an immersive anthropological research hidden in on-line environments using the reception studies the present research had as main problem to understand the receptivity of transsexuality. It was tried to understand which arguments have been based on the delegitimizing discourses of transsexuality and those legitimating the experience of trans people. In this way the research analyzed the discourses about transsexuality from comments made by readers of the Globo.com Portal - publications in their digital versions and groups composed of people who identify themselves or not with the transsexuals housed in Facebook. As well as the speeches of expressive figures circulating on the internet that when speaking of gender identity and ideology are shown to be either articulated or not with the transsexual discourse. It was the participation of the former Big Brother Brasil 11, Ariadna Arantes, to introduce the change both in frequency and in the tone of the discourses that are no longer anecdotal in order to be more political in the subjects about transsexuality published in Globo.com Portal. Through the analysis of the data that used the studies of gender and sexuality that dialogue with poststructuralist strands observed that the delegitimizing comments are mostly based on statements of exclusion, dehumanization and distortion and, in turn, appropriate of social discourses that perceive the transsexual person as unnatural, anti-moral and anti-christian. In an antinous relation to discourses that do not recognize the rights of transsexual people, the legitimators of transsexuality largely elaborate their statements through inclusion, humanity and clarification, often using of the discourses natural / anthropic, moral / secular, and extended / overcoming christianity about transsexual people. The concerns that led to the research were crossed by the advent of combating the gender studies called by their opponents of "gender ideology," in a setting where words belonging to the gender vocabulary brought not only a conceptual semantic dispute, but also a resistance and battle on-line. In addition, the greater visibility of transsexuality in digital medias revealed, above all, conservatism, and the predominance of delegitimizing discourse based on misogyny and gender demonization, as well as making visible changes in on-line networks of positive and humanized inclusion of people trans.
The digital medias along with its multifunctional devices have enabled its users to play a leading role in the communication process. Commenting on a News Portal or sharing, following, liking or organizing a group on the Social Network has allowed its users to more effectively expound their opinions as well as to enable greater visibility of social groups such as transgender people. From an immersive anthropological research hidden in on-line environments using the reception studies the present research had as main problem to understand the receptivity of transsexuality. It was tried to understand which arguments have been based on the delegitimizing discourses of transsexuality and those legitimating the experience of trans people. In this way the research analyzed the discourses about transsexuality from comments made by readers of the Globo.com Portal - publications in their digital versions and groups composed of people who identify themselves or not with the transsexuals housed in Facebook. As well as the speeches of expressive figures circulating on the internet that when speaking of gender identity and ideology are shown to be either articulated or not with the transsexual discourse. It was the participation of the former Big Brother Brasil 11, Ariadna Arantes, to introduce the change both in frequency and in the tone of the discourses that are no longer anecdotal in order to be more political in the subjects about transsexuality published in Globo.com Portal. Through the analysis of the data that used the studies of gender and sexuality that dialogue with poststructuralist strands observed that the delegitimizing comments are mostly based on statements of exclusion, dehumanization and distortion and, in turn, appropriate of social discourses that perceive the transsexual person as unnatural, anti-moral and anti-christian. In an antinous relation to discourses that do not recognize the rights of transsexual people, the legitimators of transsexuality largely elaborate their statements through inclusion, humanity and clarification, often using of the discourses natural / anthropic, moral / secular, and extended / overcoming christianity about transsexual people. The concerns that led to the research were crossed by the advent of combating the gender studies called by their opponents of "gender ideology," in a setting where words belonging to the gender vocabulary brought not only a conceptual semantic dispute, but also a resistance and battle on-line. In addition, the greater visibility of transsexuality in digital medias revealed, above all, conservatism, and the predominance of delegitimizing discourse based on misogyny and gender demonization, as well as making visible changes in on-line networks of positive and humanized inclusion of people trans.
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Palavras-chave
Transexualidade, Transexual, Transgênero, Pessoa trans, Gênero, Discurso, Mídias digitais, Redes on-line, Recepção, Transsexuality, Transsexual, Transgender, Trans person, Gender, Discourse, Digital medias, On-line networks, Reception