Diversidade de fungos em Eucalyptus microcorys F. Muell, da Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade, Rio Claro-SP
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Data
2018-10-05
Autores
Lacerda, Lorena Tigre [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O eucalipto pode ser considerado uma das plantas economicamente mais importantes do mundo. Isso é devido às diversas aplicações na indústria, tais como: fabricação de móveis, papel e celulose, carvão vegetal, óleos essenciais, mel, entre outras. O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de eucalipto, com mais de cinco milhões de ha plantados. A Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (FEENA) é considerada o “berço do eucalipto” no Brasil e apresenta a maior diversidade dessa planta fora do seu local de origem (Oceania). No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a riqueza de espécies fúngicas associada à Eucalyptus spp. da FEENA. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever a comunidade fúngica presente em diferentes fases foliares de Eucalyptus microcorys F. Muell, uma espécie pouco explorada em relação a sua diversidade microbiana. Inicialmente foram avaliadas duas técnicas de isolamento (fragmentos foliares e filtração de partículas), a fim de delimitar o método que melhor representasse a comunidade fúngica endofítica associada às folhas frescas. Em seguida, selecionamos a técnica de filtração de partículas para investigar a comunidade sapróbia em diferentes fases foliares da serrapilheira do eucalipto. Os isolados fúngicos foram identificados quanto às características morfológicas e sequenciamento de fragmentos do DNA genômico. Ao todo, foram recuperadas 3.267 colônias fúngicas, distribuídas em 87 taxa. As principais conclusões desse estudo foram: (i) Sugerimos a utilização das técnicas de fragmentos foliares e filtração de partículas como métodos complementares de isolamento para avaliar a comunidade de fungos endofíticos; (ii) E. microcorys hospeda uma grande diversidade de espécies fúngicas associada às folhas. As comunidades de fungos da serapilheira dessa planta diferem significativamente da comunidade encontrada nas folhas frescas. Além disso, a diversidade de fungos encontrada no folhedo diminui conforme a fase de decomposição da folha. No entanto, o contrário pode ser observado em relação à abundância de algumas espécies; (iii) Relatamos novas ocorrências de fungos para o Brasil, bem como um novo gênero (Mycrocylindroseptoria), com base em marcadores morfológicos e moleculares. Portanto, nossos resultados demonstram a importância de estudos que abordem a diversidade fúngica associada às folhas de eucalipto, para descoberta de novas ocorrências e novos taxa fúngicos.
Eucalyptus is considered one of the most economically important plants in the world. This is due to its diverse industrial applications, including furniture manufacturing and production of pulp, paper, charcoal, essential oils, honey, among others. Brazil is the world's largest producer of eucalyptus, with more than five million hectares. The Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (FEENA) is considered the "cradle of eucalyptus" in Brazil and has the largest diversity of this plant outside its place of origin (Oceania). However, little is known about fungal diversity associated with Eucalyptus spp. at FEENA. The aim of this study was to assess the fungal community in different leaf stages of Eucalyptus microcorys F. Muell, an unexplored species in relation to its microbial diversity. Initially, two isolation techniques (fragment plating and particle filtration) were evaluated to determine the method that best represented the endophytic fungal community associated with fresh leaves. Then, we selected the particle filtration technique to investigate the saprobic community in different eucalyptus leaf stages. Fungal isolates were identified using morphological characteristics and DNA sequencing. A total of 3,267 fungal colonies were recovered, distributed in 87 taxa. We concluded that (i) the fragment plating and particle filtration techniques can be used as complementary isolation methods to evaluate the endophytic fungal community; (ii) E. microcorys harbors a large diversity of fungal species associated with its leaves. The fungal communities from eucalyptus litter leaves differ significantly from that found in fresh leaves. In addition, the diversity of fungi found in the litter decreases depending on the stages of leaf decomposition. However, the opposite was observed regarding the abundance of some species; (iii) We report new occurrences of fungi for Brazil, as well as a new genus (Mycrocylindroseptoria), based on morphological and molecular markers. Therefore, our results demonstrate the importance of addressing the fungal diversity associated with eucalyptus leaves for discovering new occurrences and new fungal taxa.
Eucalyptus is considered one of the most economically important plants in the world. This is due to its diverse industrial applications, including furniture manufacturing and production of pulp, paper, charcoal, essential oils, honey, among others. Brazil is the world's largest producer of eucalyptus, with more than five million hectares. The Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (FEENA) is considered the "cradle of eucalyptus" in Brazil and has the largest diversity of this plant outside its place of origin (Oceania). However, little is known about fungal diversity associated with Eucalyptus spp. at FEENA. The aim of this study was to assess the fungal community in different leaf stages of Eucalyptus microcorys F. Muell, an unexplored species in relation to its microbial diversity. Initially, two isolation techniques (fragment plating and particle filtration) were evaluated to determine the method that best represented the endophytic fungal community associated with fresh leaves. Then, we selected the particle filtration technique to investigate the saprobic community in different eucalyptus leaf stages. Fungal isolates were identified using morphological characteristics and DNA sequencing. A total of 3,267 fungal colonies were recovered, distributed in 87 taxa. We concluded that (i) the fragment plating and particle filtration techniques can be used as complementary isolation methods to evaluate the endophytic fungal community; (ii) E. microcorys harbors a large diversity of fungal species associated with its leaves. The fungal communities from eucalyptus litter leaves differ significantly from that found in fresh leaves. In addition, the diversity of fungi found in the litter decreases depending on the stages of leaf decomposition. However, the opposite was observed regarding the abundance of some species; (iii) We report new occurrences of fungi for Brazil, as well as a new genus (Mycrocylindroseptoria), based on morphological and molecular markers. Therefore, our results demonstrate the importance of addressing the fungal diversity associated with eucalyptus leaves for discovering new occurrences and new fungal taxa.
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Palavras-chave
Endófitos, Ecologia, Folhas, Sapróbios, Taxonomia, Endophytes, Ecology, Leaves, Saprobes, Taxonomy