Avaliação do potencial de suprimento energético a partir de energia fotovoltaica e resíduos sólidos urbanos, para municípios do estado de São Paulo
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Data
2021-08-05
Autores
Martin, Nilo Amaral [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O consumo de energia tem aumentado juntamente ao crescimento populacional, e os impactos causados em função da geração de energia vêm sendo amplamente discutidos sob o ponto de vista de suas consequências ambientais. Este trabalho propõe um modelo de geração de energia elétrica em que as cidades passem a ser centros geradores de energia elétrica, diminuindo a dependência externa e consequentemente diminuindo as perdas referentes ao transporte, aos custos com transformadores de alta tensão e às falhas de fornecimento. Para isso, desenvolveu-se uma metodologia capaz de estimar o potencial de geração e suprimento de consumo de energia elétrica a partir de fontes alternativas sustentáveis, sendo elas a energia fotovoltaica e os resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). Para tanto foi construída uma base de dados de consumo de energia elétrica, número de habitantes, massa coletada de RSU irradiação solar e potencial de geração e suprimento de energia elétrica para um conjunto definido de municípios do Estado de São Paulo. A partir dessa base de dados foram feitos estudos da relação entre o comportamento do consumo de energia, da massa coletada de RSU e da população das localidades estudadas. Foram também realizados estudos do perfil de irradiação solar observada. Todos os dados utilizados são livres, e disponibilizados por entidades governamentais e/ou de pesquisa públicas, em nível municipal, estadual ou nacional. Para avaliar a viabilidade de implementação do modelo proposto foram utilizados municípios pertencentes a diferentes faixas populacionais do interior do estado de São Paulo. Os resultados indicam que a geração e o suprimento de consumo de energia elétrica pelas fontes consideradas é factível, mostrando uma alternativa sustentável para geração de energia e destinação dos RSU. Com relação à geração fotovoltaica, observou-se que em todos os casos o consumo observado em períodos de Sol poderia ser suprido. Observou-se municípios com potencial de suprimento de até 33,7% de todo o consumo de energia elétrica estimado nos períodos sem incidência de luz solar a partir dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. Esses resultados indicam que há a possibilidade de uma menor dependência da geração centralizada, e podem fomentar argumentos para a implementação de políticas nacionais de energia, contribuindo para a descentralização da geração nos municípios.
Energy consumption has been raising together with populational growth, and the energy production consequences have been widely discussed under their environmental outcome aspect. This work proposes a model of electricity generation in which cities become electricity generating centers, reducing external dependence and, consequently, reducing losses related to transport, costs with high voltage transformers and power outages. To do so, a methodology capable of estimating the potential for generating and supplying electricity from sustainable alternative sources, namely photovoltaic energy and municipal solid waste (MSW), was developed. For this purpose, a database of electricity consumption, number of inhabitants, collected mass of MSW, solar irradiation and potential for generating and supplying electricity for a defined set of municipalities in the State of São Paulo was built. From this database, studies were carried out on the relationship between the behavior of energy consumption, the collected mass of MSW and the population of the studied locations. Studies of the observed solar irradiation profile were also carried out. All data used is free and made available by government agencies and/or public research at the municipal, state or national level. To assess the feasibility of the proposed model, municipalities belonging to different population groups São Paulo state were used. The results indicate that the generation and supply of electricity by the considered sources is feasible, showing a sustainable alternative for energy generation and MSW disposal. In relation to photovoltaic generation, it was observed that in all cases the consumption during sunny periods could be supplied. Municipalities with supply potential of up to 33,7 % of all estimated electricity consumption in periods without sunlight were observed from urban solid waste. These results indicate that there is a possibility of dependence reduction on centralized generation, and may encourage arguments for the development of national energy policies,focused on decentralization of generation in municipalities.
Energy consumption has been raising together with populational growth, and the energy production consequences have been widely discussed under their environmental outcome aspect. This work proposes a model of electricity generation in which cities become electricity generating centers, reducing external dependence and, consequently, reducing losses related to transport, costs with high voltage transformers and power outages. To do so, a methodology capable of estimating the potential for generating and supplying electricity from sustainable alternative sources, namely photovoltaic energy and municipal solid waste (MSW), was developed. For this purpose, a database of electricity consumption, number of inhabitants, collected mass of MSW, solar irradiation and potential for generating and supplying electricity for a defined set of municipalities in the State of São Paulo was built. From this database, studies were carried out on the relationship between the behavior of energy consumption, the collected mass of MSW and the population of the studied locations. Studies of the observed solar irradiation profile were also carried out. All data used is free and made available by government agencies and/or public research at the municipal, state or national level. To assess the feasibility of the proposed model, municipalities belonging to different population groups São Paulo state were used. The results indicate that the generation and supply of electricity by the considered sources is feasible, showing a sustainable alternative for energy generation and MSW disposal. In relation to photovoltaic generation, it was observed that in all cases the consumption during sunny periods could be supplied. Municipalities with supply potential of up to 33,7 % of all estimated electricity consumption in periods without sunlight were observed from urban solid waste. These results indicate that there is a possibility of dependence reduction on centralized generation, and may encourage arguments for the development of national energy policies,focused on decentralization of generation in municipalities.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Geração de energia fotovoltaica, Photovoltaic power generation, Alternative energy sources, Energia fontes alternativas, Geração distribuída de energia elétrica, Gestão de resíduos sólidos, Desenvolvimento sustentável, Decentralized generation of electric power, Reaproveitamento, Conversion of waste products