Impactos dos Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016 no ciclismo brasileiro: as novas tecnologias na prática e na gestão no olhar de treinadores olímpicos
Data
2021-08-09
Autores
González, Natália Varela
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Ciclismo é um dos esportes disputados nos Jogos Olímpicos desde a sua primeira edição, em Atenas 1896. Na edição dos Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016 (JJOO Rio 2016), houve disputa de 18 provas de ciclismo divididas em 4 disciplinas: Estrada, Mountain Bike, BMX e Pista. O Ciclismo esteve em evidência na preparação dos JJOO Rio 2016 pois foi necessária a construção de três instalações esportivas: as pistas de Mountain Bike e BMX, e o Velódromo. Além disso, foi necessário grande esforço e investimento para que os atletas conquistassem a vaga olímpica, pois mesmo sendo País sede, o Brasil não possuía todas as vagas garantidas. Em função do esforço e do investimento dispensados, o Brasil disputou o Ciclismo nos JJOO Rio 2016 e Jogos Paralímpicos Rio 2016 com a maior delegação na história, com treze atletas. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar e descrever as tecnologias empregadas na prática e na gestão do Ciclismo nos períodos pré e pós JJOO Rio 2016, no olhar de treinadores envolvidos diretamente com o ciclismo nos JJOO Rio 2016. A seleção dos participantes levou em consideração o vínculo com o ciclismo brasileiro e os JJOO Rio 2016. A pesquisa tem abordagem qualitativa e descritiva e a coleta de dados foi feita através de entrevista semiestruturada. A amostra foi composta por quatro treinadores, do gênero masculino. Após assinar o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, o participante foi entrevistado através do Google Meet. Posteriormente foi realizada a transcrição e a análise qualitativa dos dados utilizando o método de análise de conteúdo. Como resultados, com relação às tecnologias empregadas, foram construídas duas categorias: 1) tecnologia de equipamentos, com a utilização de bicicletas em fibra de carbono, plataformas de treinamento e medidores de potência; e 2) tecnologia de gestão, com planejamento a longo prazo, cursos de formação para treinadores e intercâmbio de atletas no Centro Mundial de Ciclismo. Com relação aos legados, foram construídas três categorias: 1) legado de infraestrutura, com a construção do velódromo, da pista de BMX, da pista de Mountain Bike e do laboratório olímpico; 2) legado esportivo, com a classificação do BMX e do Mountain Bike nos Jogos Olímpicos de Tóquio 2020 e o crescimento da modalidade Mountain Bike no país, com a realização de competições internacionais e aumento do número de praticantes; e 3) legado social, com a implantação de projetos de ciclismo e um maior conhecimento da modalidade pela comunidade. Com relação às dificuldades enfrentadas pelo ciclismo, foram construídas três categorias: 1) gestão do ciclismo, que envolve a gerência da modalidade com 5 disciplinas distintas, a falta de um calendário consistente de competições e a falta de sequência nas ações iniciadas; 2) casos de doping, que causou o rompimento de patrocínios e uma imagem negativa do ciclismo brasileiro no meio esportivo mundial; e 3) recursos financeiros, que inviabilizaram a implantação de projetos e Centros de Treinamento, assim como um direcionamento dos recursos a poucos atletas. Por meio este estudo, foi possível identificar como a realização dos JJOO Rio 2016 impactou no ciclismo brasileiro. A utilização de tecnologias pode auxiliar no planejamento a longo prazo para uma melhor gestão do ciclismo, direcionando os investimentos para o desenvolvimento da modalidade. Uma pesquisa abrangendo dirigentes esportivos se torna interessante para identificar os impactos por outros olhares e fundamentar algumas especulações encontradas por esta pesquisa.
Cycling has been part of the Summer Olympic Games since its first edition, in Athens 1896. In the edition of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games (JJOO Rio 2016), 18 cycling events divided into 4 disciplines took place: Road, Mountain Bike, BMX and Track. Cycling was in evidence in the preparation of the JJOO Rio 2016 as it was necessary to build three sports facilities: the Mountain Bike and BMX tracks, and the Velodrome. In addition, it took a lot of effort and investment for the athletes to win their Olympic spots, because even though it was the host country, Brazil did not have all the spots guaranteed. Due to the effort and investment made, Brazil competed in Cycling at JJOO Rio 2016 and Rio 2016 Paralympic Games with the largest delegation in history, with thirteen athletes. The objective of this study was to identify and describe the technologies used in the practice and management of cycling in the periods before and after JJOO Rio 2016, in the view of coaches directly involved with cycling in JJOO Rio 2016. The selection of participants took into account the link with Brazilian cycling and JJOO Rio 2016. The research has a qualitative and descriptive approach and data collection was done through semi-structured interviews. The sample consisted of four male coaches. After the participant signed the Free and Informed Consent Form, there was an interview through Google Meet. Subsequently, the transcription and qualitative analysis of the data was performed using the content analysis method. As a result, in relation to the technologies employed, two categories were built: 1) equipment technology, with the use of carbon fiber bicycles, training platforms and power meters; and 2) management technology, with long-term planning, training courses for coaches and exchange of athletes at the World Cycling Center. Regarding the legacies, three categories were built: 1) infrastructure legacy, with the construction of the velodrome, the BMX track, the Mountain Bike track and the Olympic Laboratory; 2) sports legacy, with the classification of BMX and Mountain Bike at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and the growth of Mountain Bike in the country, with the holding of international competitions and an increase in the number of practitioners; and 3) social legacy, with the implementation of cycling projects and greater knowledge of the sport by the community. Regarding the difficulties faced by cycling, three categories were built: 1) cycling management, which involves the management of the sport with 5 different disciplines, the lack of a consistent calendar of competitions and the lack of sequence in the actions initiated; 2) cases of doping, which caused the loss of sponsorships and a negative image of Brazilian cycling in the world sports environment; and 3) financial resources, which prevented the implementation of projects and Training Centers, as well as the allocation of resources to few athletes. Through this study, it was possible to identify how the performance of the JJOO Rio 2016 affected Brazilian cycling. The use of technologies can assist in long-term planning for better cycling management, directing investments towards the development of the sport. A survey covering sports managers is interesting in order to identify the impacts from other points of view and to substantiate some speculations found by this research.
Cycling has been part of the Summer Olympic Games since its first edition, in Athens 1896. In the edition of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games (JJOO Rio 2016), 18 cycling events divided into 4 disciplines took place: Road, Mountain Bike, BMX and Track. Cycling was in evidence in the preparation of the JJOO Rio 2016 as it was necessary to build three sports facilities: the Mountain Bike and BMX tracks, and the Velodrome. In addition, it took a lot of effort and investment for the athletes to win their Olympic spots, because even though it was the host country, Brazil did not have all the spots guaranteed. Due to the effort and investment made, Brazil competed in Cycling at JJOO Rio 2016 and Rio 2016 Paralympic Games with the largest delegation in history, with thirteen athletes. The objective of this study was to identify and describe the technologies used in the practice and management of cycling in the periods before and after JJOO Rio 2016, in the view of coaches directly involved with cycling in JJOO Rio 2016. The selection of participants took into account the link with Brazilian cycling and JJOO Rio 2016. The research has a qualitative and descriptive approach and data collection was done through semi-structured interviews. The sample consisted of four male coaches. After the participant signed the Free and Informed Consent Form, there was an interview through Google Meet. Subsequently, the transcription and qualitative analysis of the data was performed using the content analysis method. As a result, in relation to the technologies employed, two categories were built: 1) equipment technology, with the use of carbon fiber bicycles, training platforms and power meters; and 2) management technology, with long-term planning, training courses for coaches and exchange of athletes at the World Cycling Center. Regarding the legacies, three categories were built: 1) infrastructure legacy, with the construction of the velodrome, the BMX track, the Mountain Bike track and the Olympic Laboratory; 2) sports legacy, with the classification of BMX and Mountain Bike at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and the growth of Mountain Bike in the country, with the holding of international competitions and an increase in the number of practitioners; and 3) social legacy, with the implementation of cycling projects and greater knowledge of the sport by the community. Regarding the difficulties faced by cycling, three categories were built: 1) cycling management, which involves the management of the sport with 5 different disciplines, the lack of a consistent calendar of competitions and the lack of sequence in the actions initiated; 2) cases of doping, which caused the loss of sponsorships and a negative image of Brazilian cycling in the world sports environment; and 3) financial resources, which prevented the implementation of projects and Training Centers, as well as the allocation of resources to few athletes. Through this study, it was possible to identify how the performance of the JJOO Rio 2016 affected Brazilian cycling. The use of technologies can assist in long-term planning for better cycling management, directing investments towards the development of the sport. A survey covering sports managers is interesting in order to identify the impacts from other points of view and to substantiate some speculations found by this research.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Jogos Olímpicos, Legado Olímpico, Ciclismo, Olimpíadas, Cycling, Olympic Games, Olympic Legacy