Suporte potencial das tecnologias da Indústria 4.0 às atividades de PCP da Teoria das Restrições: uma abordagem multicritério
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Data
2021-09-13
Autores
Luiz, João Victor Rojas
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Atualmente, a manufatura experimenta um acentuado processo de desenvolvimento tecnológico digital, único pela presença de soluções de automação cognitivas, com alta independência da ação humana. Mudanças nos métodos de planejamento e controle da produção (PCP) são esperadas com o aparecimento de sistemas ciberfísicos e soluções baseadas em big data e Internet das Coisas. Neste contexto, a Teoria das Restrições (Theory of Constraints ou TOC) pode encontrar, nas novas tecnologias, suporte à sua abordagem para PCP, resumida nos métodos Tambor-Pulmão-Corda (TPC) e Gerenciamento de Pulmão (GP). Nesse contexto, a tese aqui apresentada visa identificar e avaliar o nível de suporte potencial das tecnologias representativas da Indústria 4.0 às atividades dos métodos TPC e GP. Para isso, utilizou-se uma abordagem multicritério, com a integração dos métodos BWM e TOPSIS, para compilar a opinião de especialistas. Alguns destes especialistas participaram de uma etapa complementar, qualitativa, da pesquisa. Esta tese propõe uma hierarquia das tecnologias em termos de seu nível de suporte. As tecnologias com maior destaque foram os sistemas inteligentes de controle da produção, aprendizagem de máquina e inteligência artificial e big data e data analytics. Dispositivos móveis, robótica e automação avançada e sistemas integrados de projeto e manufatura receberam o menor nível de suporte potencial. Também foi possível propor uma hierarquia das atividades do TPC e GP e discutir o papel geral da adoção tecnológica para a TOC.
Nowadays, manufacturing is experiencing an accentuated process of digital technological development, unique for the presence of cognitive automation solutions, with high independence from human action. Changes in production planning and control (PPC) methods are expected with the emergence of cyberphysical systems and solutions based on big data and the Internet of Things. In this context, the Theory of Constraints (TOC) can find, in new technologies, support for its approach to PPC, summarized in the Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) and Buffer Management (BM) methods. In this context, the thesis presented here aims to evaluate the level of potential support of the representative technologies of Industry 4.0 to the activities of the DBR and BM methods. For this, a multiple criteria approach was used, with the integration of BWM and TOPSIS methods, to compile the experts’ opinion. Some experts participated in a complementary, qualitative stage of the research. This thesis proposes a hierarchy of technologies in terms of their level of support. The most prominent technologies were intelligent production control systems, machine learning and artificial intelligence, and big data and data analytics. Mobile devices, robotics and advanced automation, and integrated design and manufacturing systems received the lowest level of potential support. It was also possible to propose a hierarchy of DBR and BM activities and discuss the general role of technology adoption for TOC.
Nowadays, manufacturing is experiencing an accentuated process of digital technological development, unique for the presence of cognitive automation solutions, with high independence from human action. Changes in production planning and control (PPC) methods are expected with the emergence of cyberphysical systems and solutions based on big data and the Internet of Things. In this context, the Theory of Constraints (TOC) can find, in new technologies, support for its approach to PPC, summarized in the Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) and Buffer Management (BM) methods. In this context, the thesis presented here aims to evaluate the level of potential support of the representative technologies of Industry 4.0 to the activities of the DBR and BM methods. For this, a multiple criteria approach was used, with the integration of BWM and TOPSIS methods, to compile the experts’ opinion. Some experts participated in a complementary, qualitative stage of the research. This thesis proposes a hierarchy of technologies in terms of their level of support. The most prominent technologies were intelligent production control systems, machine learning and artificial intelligence, and big data and data analytics. Mobile devices, robotics and advanced automation, and integrated design and manufacturing systems received the lowest level of potential support. It was also possible to propose a hierarchy of DBR and BM activities and discuss the general role of technology adoption for TOC.
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Quarta Revolução Industrial, Tambor-Pulmão-Corda, tomada de decisão multicritério, Best-Worst Method, TOPSIS, Fourth Industrial Revolution, Drum-Buffer-Rope;, Multiple criteria decision making, Best-Worst Method, TOPSIS