Biorrefinaria de resíduo cítrico visando a obtenção de colorantes naturais microbianos para aplicação industrial
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Data
2021-09-29
Autores
Lima, Caio de Azevedo
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Considerando que o Brasil é um país com alta geração de resíduos agroindustriais, estudos acerca do aproveitamento de tais resíduos, principalmente, para obtenção de produtos de valor agregado, são de grande interesse. Assim, a produção de colorantes naturais fúngicos utilizando subproduto de baixo custo, como compostos provenientes do processamento da indústria cítrica, ganha importância com vista para o desenvolvimento de biorrefinaria para produção desse bioproduto em escala industrial. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a aplicação de um subproduto da indústria cítrica como fonte de carbono para a produção de colorantes por Talaromyces amestolkiae em cultivo submerso em agitador orbital. Inicialmente, o subproduto cítrico foi caracterizado quanto a composição química, contendo compostos como a lignina (21,6 %m.m-1), hemicelulose (13,5 %m.m-1) celulose (11,9 %m.m-1). A produção dos colorantes naturais vermelhos foi realizada inicialmente aplicando diferentes fontes de carbono (glicose, xilose e pectina) e fonte de nitrogênio (glutamato monossódico-GMS) comerciais. Posteriormente, a produção dos colorantes foi avaliada utilizando o subproduto cítrico não-tratado e pré-tratado (remoção de pectina), e suplementado com as fontes de carbono e nitrogênio comerciais supracitadas. A melhor condição de produção de colorantes vermelhos observada foi empregando glicose e xilose comercial, 10,0 e 5,0 g.L-1, respectivamente, com 25 g.L-1 de GMS em cultivo submerso à 150rpm/30°C/168h, atingindo em torno de 16,1 UA500nm. Na presença do resíduo cítrico, a máxima produção observada foi com 56,0 gramas de subproduto cítrico tratado por litro de meio de cultivo, chegando a 4,27 UA500nm. Avaliou-se também a produção de enzimas celulolíticas durante o cultivo e obteve-se um máximo de, aproximadamente, 0,20 UI.mL-1 para endo-glucanase; 0,87 UI.mL-1 para xilanase e 2,90 UI.mL-1 para β-glucosidase ao se empregar subproduto cítrico pré-tratado. Esses resultados revelam o potencial de resíduos agroindustriais da indústria cítrica para a geração de colorantes naturais através do conceito de biorefinaria, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento sustentável e fortalecimento dos bioprocessos.
Considering agrobusiness is the largest economic sector in Brazil and it generates a high amount of residues, studies about the use of agro-industrial residues, mainly to obtain high added value products, are of great interest. So, the production of natural fungal colorants using a low-cost by-product, such as wastes from the citrus industry, plays an important role to the development of biorefineries for the production of this bioproduct on an industrial scale. Thus, this work aims to study the application of a citrus industry by-product of as carbon source for the production of colorants by Talaromyces amestolkiae in submerged culture in orbital shaker. Initially, the citrus by-product was characterized in terms of chemical composition, containing as major compounds lignin (21.6 %m.m-1), hemicellulose (%13.5 m.m-1) cellulose (11.9 %m.m-1). The production of natural red colorants was firstly carried out by applying different commercial carbon (glucose, xylose and pectin) and nitrogen (monosodium glutamate, GMS) sources. Subsequently, the production of colorants was evaluated using the untreated, pretreated (pectin removal) citrus by-product and supplemented with the aforementioned sources of carbon and nitrogen. The best condition for the production of red colorants using commercial glucose and xylose, 10.0 and 5.0 g. L-1, respectively, and GMS (25 g. L-1) in submerged culture at 150rpm/30°C/168h, was around 16.1 UA500nm. In the presence of citrus waste, the maximum production observed was with 56.0 grams of treated citrus by-product per liter of culture medium, achieving 4.27 UA500nm. The production of cellulolytic enzymes during cultivation was also evaluated and a maximum of, approximately, 0.20 UI.mL-1 for endo-glucanases; 0.87 IU.ml-1 for xylanase and 2.90 UI.mL-1 for β-glucosidase was obtained using pretreated citrus by-product. These results reveal the potential for application of agro-industrial residues that, through the biorefinery concept, acquire a noble destination as the generation of high commercial value biomolecules, namely natural colorants contributing to sustainable development and strengthening of bioprocesses.
Considering agrobusiness is the largest economic sector in Brazil and it generates a high amount of residues, studies about the use of agro-industrial residues, mainly to obtain high added value products, are of great interest. So, the production of natural fungal colorants using a low-cost by-product, such as wastes from the citrus industry, plays an important role to the development of biorefineries for the production of this bioproduct on an industrial scale. Thus, this work aims to study the application of a citrus industry by-product of as carbon source for the production of colorants by Talaromyces amestolkiae in submerged culture in orbital shaker. Initially, the citrus by-product was characterized in terms of chemical composition, containing as major compounds lignin (21.6 %m.m-1), hemicellulose (%13.5 m.m-1) cellulose (11.9 %m.m-1). The production of natural red colorants was firstly carried out by applying different commercial carbon (glucose, xylose and pectin) and nitrogen (monosodium glutamate, GMS) sources. Subsequently, the production of colorants was evaluated using the untreated, pretreated (pectin removal) citrus by-product and supplemented with the aforementioned sources of carbon and nitrogen. The best condition for the production of red colorants using commercial glucose and xylose, 10.0 and 5.0 g. L-1, respectively, and GMS (25 g. L-1) in submerged culture at 150rpm/30°C/168h, was around 16.1 UA500nm. In the presence of citrus waste, the maximum production observed was with 56.0 grams of treated citrus by-product per liter of culture medium, achieving 4.27 UA500nm. The production of cellulolytic enzymes during cultivation was also evaluated and a maximum of, approximately, 0.20 UI.mL-1 for endo-glucanases; 0.87 IU.ml-1 for xylanase and 2.90 UI.mL-1 for β-glucosidase was obtained using pretreated citrus by-product. These results reveal the potential for application of agro-industrial residues that, through the biorefinery concept, acquire a noble destination as the generation of high commercial value biomolecules, namely natural colorants contributing to sustainable development and strengthening of bioprocesses.
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Palavras-chave
Biorrefinaria, subproduto cítrico, colorantes naturais, enzimas, Talaromyces amestolkiae, Biorefinery, citrus by-product, natural colorants, enzymes