Interação eletrostática: assistência de ar na deposição da pulverização e viabilidade de fungos entomopatogênicos
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Data
2019-09-30
Autores
Silva, Daniel Petreli da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A aplicação de produtos fitossanitários busca evoluir diante dos desafios no manejo de pragas, doenças e plantas daninhas na agricultura, com otimização no processo de aplicação para atingir alvos biológicos com maior precisão, melhorando a capacidade operacional dos equipamentos aplicadores e minimizando a contaminação do ambiente. Neste contexto há grande expectativa de os produtos biológicos avançarem como estratégia de manejo fitossanitário nas culturas agrícolas. Para isso se faz necessário o desenvolvimento ou aprimoramento de técnicas para aplicação dos produtos biológicos, pois os equipamentos aplicadores foram desenvolvidos para aplicação de produtos químicos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar um sistema de pulverização com adaptação de assistência de ar combinado com transferência de carga elétrica às gotas para avaliação da viabilidade de fungos entomopatogênicos na calda de pulverização sob três níveis de tensão elétrica, bem como avaliar a distribuição da pulverização em plantas de soja e o depósito da pulverização a campo nessa cultura. No experimento 1, desenvolveu-se um sistema eletrostático assistido por ar para avaliar de forma qualitativa a pulverização em alvos artificiais nas plantas de soja. No experimento 2 foi realizado a análise quantitativa da pulverização, por meio do corante marcador Azul Brilhante, em lavoura comercial de soja e utilizando o pulverizador automotriz Jacto, modelo Uniport 3030 EletroVortex para comparar a pulverização convencional (sem ar e carga elétrica) à pulverização assistida de ar associada à eletrostática em diferentes taxas de aplicação. Por fim, no experimento 3 foi avaliado o efeito da carga eletrostática gerada pelo sistema na viabilidade dos fungos entomopatogênicos Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea e Metarhizium ansopliae. As gotas eletricamente carregadas quando associado à assistência de ar promoveu os mesmos depósitos com 50% do volume de aplicação quando se comparado com a pulverização convencional com 100 L ha-1. A transferência de carga elétrica às gotas da pulverização por indução indireta até 7.000 V não afetou esporulação de Metarhizium anisopliae e não afetou a germinação dos esporos de Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana e Isaria fumosorosea.
The application of phytosanitary products has evolved in the face of challenges in pest and disease management in agriculture, aiming to reach biological targets with greater precision, improving the operational capacity of the applicator equipment and minimizing environmental contamination. In this context, biological products are expected to advance as a phytosanitary management strategy in agricultural crops. For this it is necessary to develop or improve techniques for application of biological products, because the applicator equipment was developed for chemicals application. Thus, the goal of this work was to develop an air-assisted spraying system combined with droplet electric charge transfer to evaluate the viability of entomopathogenic fungi in the spray solution under three voltage levels, as well as to evaluate the spray distribution in plants of soybean and the spray deposit on this crop under field conditions. In experiment 1, an air-assisted electrostatic system was developed to evaluate the spray distribution on artificial targets in soybean plants. In experiment 2, quantitative spray analysis was performed using the Bright Blue marker dye on commercial soybean crops. For this a Jacto self-propelled sprayer Uniport 3030 EletroVortex model was used to compare conventional spraying (no air and electric charge) to air-assisted spraying associated with electrostatics at different application rates. Finally, in experiment 3, the effect of the electrostatic charge generated by the system on the viability of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea and Metarhizium ansopliae was evaluated. The electrification of the droplets when associated with air assistance promoted the same deposits with a 50% of the volume of application in comparison with a conventional spraying with a 100 L ha-1. The transfer of electric charge to the induction spray droplets up to 7,000 V did not affect the germination of Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea spores. The electrostatic spraying associated with air assistance improves spray coverage in the soybean canopy, especially under conditions of reduced application rate. The electrostatic spraying with induction up to 7,000 V did not affect the germination of Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea spores.
The application of phytosanitary products has evolved in the face of challenges in pest and disease management in agriculture, aiming to reach biological targets with greater precision, improving the operational capacity of the applicator equipment and minimizing environmental contamination. In this context, biological products are expected to advance as a phytosanitary management strategy in agricultural crops. For this it is necessary to develop or improve techniques for application of biological products, because the applicator equipment was developed for chemicals application. Thus, the goal of this work was to develop an air-assisted spraying system combined with droplet electric charge transfer to evaluate the viability of entomopathogenic fungi in the spray solution under three voltage levels, as well as to evaluate the spray distribution in plants of soybean and the spray deposit on this crop under field conditions. In experiment 1, an air-assisted electrostatic system was developed to evaluate the spray distribution on artificial targets in soybean plants. In experiment 2, quantitative spray analysis was performed using the Bright Blue marker dye on commercial soybean crops. For this a Jacto self-propelled sprayer Uniport 3030 EletroVortex model was used to compare conventional spraying (no air and electric charge) to air-assisted spraying associated with electrostatics at different application rates. Finally, in experiment 3, the effect of the electrostatic charge generated by the system on the viability of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea and Metarhizium ansopliae was evaluated. The electrification of the droplets when associated with air assistance promoted the same deposits with a 50% of the volume of application in comparison with a conventional spraying with a 100 L ha-1. The transfer of electric charge to the induction spray droplets up to 7,000 V did not affect the germination of Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea spores. The electrostatic spraying associated with air assistance improves spray coverage in the soybean canopy, especially under conditions of reduced application rate. The electrostatic spraying with induction up to 7,000 V did not affect the germination of Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea spores.
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Palavras-chave
Tecnologia de aplicação, Eletrificação de gota, Assistência de ar, Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea, Metarhizium ansopliae, Application technology, Droplet electrification, Air assistance