O valor econômico da certificação Bonsucro para produtores rurais
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Data
2021-08-20
Autores
Rangel, Henrique de Santana [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivo Certificações relacionadas à sustentabilidade no agronegócio constituem uma ferramenta importante para fomentar processos agropecuários com maior nível de responsabilidade socioambiental, contudo, o impacto econômico nas pequenas e médias propriedades rurais ainda é controverso, por isso, o objetivo desta pesquisa é valorar o potencial econômico da certificação Bonsucro para a produção de cana-de-açúcar em pequenas e médias propriedades. Procedimentos de Pesquisa Abordagem ocorreu de forma majoritariamente quantitativa, a partir do Método do Fluxo de Caixa Descontado apoiado pela Simulação de Monte Carlo. Foram elaborados quatro cenários considerando pequeno e médio produtor sem certificação e com certificação Bonsucro. Para cada cenário foram simulados 1.000 fluxos de caixas. As premissas para construção do fluxo de caixa foram tomadas a partir da construção do perfil modal dos produtores rurais canavieiros da região de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil. Para tanto, foi aplicado um questionário para 21 especialistas relacionados com o setor (produtores, consultores, técnicos de associação e acadêmicos). Em adição, as variáveis necessárias à certificação foram levantadas por análise documental junto ao protocolo de certificação da Bonsucro. Todos os valores comerciais inerentes às premissas foram considerados, a partir de levantamento empírico junto à realidade da região investigada. Resultados e Discussões Os resultados obtidos permitem traçar o perfil do produtor modal, identificando 10 variáveis de convergência que impactam no gerenciamento da terra, como escolaridade, idade média, capacidade de investimento, dentre outros. Além disso, obteve-se o valor econômico dos produtores certificados e não-certificados, onde observou-se que os valores são negativos para o pequeno produtor, seja ele certificado ou não; e que há aumento na criação de valor em 270% para médios produtores. Isso ocorre devido ao maior potencial de geração de caixa futuro, ocasionado pela melhoria dos processos operacionais e administrativos, manutenção de participação de mercado e redução nas perdas com indenizações. Implicações Gerenciais A partir dos dados obtidos, espera-se que entidades privadas e associações de produtores possam utilizá-los como motivador para a implementação da certificação. Muito mais do que trazer e apresentar ganhos e perdas da certificação, o estudo traz à discussão o papel atual do pequeno produtor modal, onde dificilmente conseguirão se manter sustentáveis no longo prazo atuando somente com cana-de-açúcar. Assim, o estudo pode auxiliar na reavaliação dos cenários em que os produtores estão submetidos, direcionando-os para modelos rentáveis e comprometidos com o socioambiental. Conclusões e Limitações da Pesquisa A hipótese de que pequenas e médias propriedades rurais certificadas pela Bonsucro criam mais valor ante as não certificadas mostrou-se verdadeira. Entretanto, o modelo de certificação possui diversas variáveis e que seria de grande valia aplicá-las e medi-las in loco com produtores devidamente selecionados. Há também limitações na construção do produtor modal, visto que há diferentes realidades identificadas na região. Além disso, o fluxo de caixa negativo em alguns casos, dificulta a análise, pois não há geração de valor. Assim, o objetivo principal foi atingido, a partir dos objetivos secundários apresentados. Originalidade Apresentou-se o potencial de criação de valor econômico de uma certificação para a cultura canavieira. Demonstrar o processo de cálculo permitiu alçar temas relevantes que têm impactado na sustentabilidade da produção canavieira junto a pequenos e médios produtores rurais nos temas de viabilidade econômica e impacto ambiental e social.
Purpose Certifications related to sustainability in agribusiness, an important tool to promote agricultural processes with a higher level of social and environmental responsibility, however, the economic impact on small and medium-sized rural properties is still controversial, so the objective of this research is to assess the economic potential of Bonsucro certification for the production of sugarcane in small and medium-sized properties. Methodology The approach was mostly quantitative, based on the Discounted Cash Flow Method supported by the Monte Carlo Simulation. Four scenarios were elaborated considering small and medium producers without certification and with Bonsucro certification. For each scenario, 1,000 cash flows were simulated. The premises for building the cash flow were taken from the construction of the modal profile of rural sugarcane producers in the region of Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to 21 specialists related to the sector (producers, consultants, association technicians and academics). In addition, the variables necessary for certification were raised by document analysis with Bonsucro's certification protocol. All commercial values inherent to the premises were considered, based on an empirical survey of the reality of the region investigated. Findings and Discussions The results obtained allow us to trace the profile of the modal producer, identifying 10 convergence variables that impact land management, such as schooling, average age, investment capacity, among others. In addition, the economic value of certified and non-certified producers was obtained, where it was observed that the values are negative for the small producer, whether certified or not; and that there is an increase in value creation by 270% for medium producers. This is due to the greater potential for future cash generation, caused by the improvement of operational and administrative processes, maintenance of market share and reduction in losses with indemnities. Management Implication Based on the data obtained, it is expected that private institutions and producer associations will use it as a motivator for implementing the certification. Much more than bringing and presenting certification gains and losses, the study brings to the discussion the current role of the small producer modal, where it is difficult to remain sustainable in the long term, operating only with sugarcane. Thus, the study can help in the reassessment of the scenarios in which the producers are submitted, directing them to profitable models and committed to the socio-environmental. Conclusion and Research limitations The hypothesis that small and medium rural properties certified by Bonsucro create more value compared to non-certified ones proved to be true. However, the certification model has several variables and it would be of great value to apply and measure them in loco with properly selected producers. There are also limitations in the construction of the modal producer, as there are different realities identified in the region. In addition, the negative cash flow in some cases makes the analysis difficult, as there is no generation of value. Thus, the main objective was reached, from the secondary objectives presented. Originality The potential for creating economic value for a certification for sugarcane was presented. By demonstrating the calculation process made it possible to raise relevant issues that have impacted the sustainability of sugarcane production with small and medium-sized rural producers in the areas of economic feasibility and environmental and social impact.
Purpose Certifications related to sustainability in agribusiness, an important tool to promote agricultural processes with a higher level of social and environmental responsibility, however, the economic impact on small and medium-sized rural properties is still controversial, so the objective of this research is to assess the economic potential of Bonsucro certification for the production of sugarcane in small and medium-sized properties. Methodology The approach was mostly quantitative, based on the Discounted Cash Flow Method supported by the Monte Carlo Simulation. Four scenarios were elaborated considering small and medium producers without certification and with Bonsucro certification. For each scenario, 1,000 cash flows were simulated. The premises for building the cash flow were taken from the construction of the modal profile of rural sugarcane producers in the region of Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to 21 specialists related to the sector (producers, consultants, association technicians and academics). In addition, the variables necessary for certification were raised by document analysis with Bonsucro's certification protocol. All commercial values inherent to the premises were considered, based on an empirical survey of the reality of the region investigated. Findings and Discussions The results obtained allow us to trace the profile of the modal producer, identifying 10 convergence variables that impact land management, such as schooling, average age, investment capacity, among others. In addition, the economic value of certified and non-certified producers was obtained, where it was observed that the values are negative for the small producer, whether certified or not; and that there is an increase in value creation by 270% for medium producers. This is due to the greater potential for future cash generation, caused by the improvement of operational and administrative processes, maintenance of market share and reduction in losses with indemnities. Management Implication Based on the data obtained, it is expected that private institutions and producer associations will use it as a motivator for implementing the certification. Much more than bringing and presenting certification gains and losses, the study brings to the discussion the current role of the small producer modal, where it is difficult to remain sustainable in the long term, operating only with sugarcane. Thus, the study can help in the reassessment of the scenarios in which the producers are submitted, directing them to profitable models and committed to the socio-environmental. Conclusion and Research limitations The hypothesis that small and medium rural properties certified by Bonsucro create more value compared to non-certified ones proved to be true. However, the certification model has several variables and it would be of great value to apply and measure them in loco with properly selected producers. There are also limitations in the construction of the modal producer, as there are different realities identified in the region. In addition, the negative cash flow in some cases makes the analysis difficult, as there is no generation of value. Thus, the main objective was reached, from the secondary objectives presented. Originality The potential for creating economic value for a certification for sugarcane was presented. By demonstrating the calculation process made it possible to raise relevant issues that have impacted the sustainability of sugarcane production with small and medium-sized rural producers in the areas of economic feasibility and environmental and social impact.
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Palavras-chave
Administração Rural, Sustentabilidade, Sustainability, Valuation, Fluxo de Caixa, Administration, Investment