Resposta espectral e fisiológica de plantas de amendoim infestadas com Enneothrips enigmaticus sp. n. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
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Data
2022-04-29
Autores
Pavani, César Sampaio
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na cultura do amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.), uma das pragas-chave é o tripes-do-prateamento, Enneothrips enigmaticus sp. n. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). O sistema de amostragem dessa praga é laborioso e o seu controle é baseado em sistema calendarizado de pulverizações, o que pode elevar os custos de produção à medida que as pulverizações ocorram em momentos inadequados, visto que o nível de população da praga não é considerado. Diante desse problema, a agricultura digital por meio do sensoriamento remoto é capaz de propor alternativas para o monitoramento de insetos-praga. Aliado a isso, entender os danos causados na fisiologia da planta por esse inseto é de fundamental importância para compreensão da resposta espectral de plantas infestadas. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar e associar a resposta espectral e fisiológica de plantas de amendoim infestadas com E. enigmaticus, por meio de padrões de reflectância, parâmetros fisiológicos e índices de vegetação. Para tanto, experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação e em campo experimental, em duas safras (2019/2020 e 2020/2021), utilizando sensores RGB e hiperespectral para obter padrões de reflectância e índices de vegetação, bem como mensurador de trocas gasosas cujos parâmetros fisiológicos mensurados foram concentração intercelular de CO2 (Ci), condutância estomática (gs), taxa de fotossíntese (A), taxa de transpiração (E), déficit de pressão de vapor (VPD) e temperatura foliar (Tleaf). Os resultados mostraram que é possível diferenciar folíolos injuriados por E. enigmaticus e não injuriados pelo padrão de reflectância na região visível do espectro, com maior importância para o comprimento de onda de 607,05 nm, no primeiro experimento realizado. Todavia, no segundo experimento, não foi possível notar diferenças na reflectância das folhas injuriadas e não injuriadas, nas duas épocas avaliadas (34 DAE e 41 DAE). A relação entre notas visuais de injúria e parâmetros fisiológicos foram semelhantes nos dois experimentos, em que o ataque de E. enigmaticus provoca reduções na condutância estomática, taxa de fotossíntese e taxa de transpiração, ao passo que concentração intercelular de CO2, déficit de pressão de vapor e temperatura foliar aumentam. Os índices de vegetação contribuíram para distinguir os níveis de injúria, em especial folíolos com poucas pontuações prateadas e com início de enrolamento das bordas, no primeiro experimento. Entretanto, no segundo experimento, a sobreposição do agrupamento de folíolos sem injúria e baixa injúria não permitiu distingui-los com clareza. Por fim, a realização deste trabalho evidencia o potencial desta linha de pesquisa com propósito de otimizar o monitoramento de E. enigmaticus na cultura do amendoim e, assim, impulsionar a implantação do MIP-Amendoim.
In the peanut crop (Arachis hypogaea L.), one of the key pests is the thrips, Enneothrips enigmaticus sp. n. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Scouting of this pest is laborious and its control is based on a scheduled spraying system, which can increase production costs as sprays occur at inappropriate times, as the pest population level is not considered. Therefore, digital agriculture through remote sensing is able to propose alternatives for monitoring pest insects. In addition, understanding the damage caused by this insect in plant physiology is of fundamental importance for understanding the spectral response of infested plants. Thus, this study aimed to determine and associate the spectral and physiological response of peanut plants infested with E. enigmaticus, using reflectance patterns and vegetation indices and physiological parameters. For this, experiments were carried out in a greenhouse and open field, in two harvests (2019/2020 and 2020/2021), using RGB and hyperspectral sensors to obtain reflectance patterns and vegetation indices, as well as gas exchange measurement, whose physiological parameters measured were intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis rate (A), transpiration rate (E), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and leaf temperature (Tleaf). The results showed that it is possible to differentiate leaflets injured by E. enigmaticus and not injured by the reflectance pattern in the visible region of the spectrum, with greater importance for the wavelength of 607.05 nm, in the first experiment carried out. However, in the second experiment, it was not possible to notice differences in the reflectance of the injured and non-injured leaves, in the two seasons evaluated (34 DAE and 41 DAE). The relationship between visual injury scores and physiological parameters were similar in both experiments, in which the attack of E. enigmaticus causes reductions in stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate, while intercellular CO2 concentration, vapor pressure deficit and leaf temperature increase. The vegetation indexes contributed to distinguish the levels of injury, especially leaflets with few silver scores and with beginning of winding of the edges, in the first experiment. However, in the second experiment, the overlap leaflet groups without injury and low injury did not allow to distinguish them clearly. Finally, the accomplishment of this work evidences the potential of this line of research with the purpose of optimizing the monitoring of E. enigmaticus in peanut culture and, thus, to boost the implementation of IPM-Peanut.
In the peanut crop (Arachis hypogaea L.), one of the key pests is the thrips, Enneothrips enigmaticus sp. n. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Scouting of this pest is laborious and its control is based on a scheduled spraying system, which can increase production costs as sprays occur at inappropriate times, as the pest population level is not considered. Therefore, digital agriculture through remote sensing is able to propose alternatives for monitoring pest insects. In addition, understanding the damage caused by this insect in plant physiology is of fundamental importance for understanding the spectral response of infested plants. Thus, this study aimed to determine and associate the spectral and physiological response of peanut plants infested with E. enigmaticus, using reflectance patterns and vegetation indices and physiological parameters. For this, experiments were carried out in a greenhouse and open field, in two harvests (2019/2020 and 2020/2021), using RGB and hyperspectral sensors to obtain reflectance patterns and vegetation indices, as well as gas exchange measurement, whose physiological parameters measured were intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis rate (A), transpiration rate (E), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and leaf temperature (Tleaf). The results showed that it is possible to differentiate leaflets injured by E. enigmaticus and not injured by the reflectance pattern in the visible region of the spectrum, with greater importance for the wavelength of 607.05 nm, in the first experiment carried out. However, in the second experiment, it was not possible to notice differences in the reflectance of the injured and non-injured leaves, in the two seasons evaluated (34 DAE and 41 DAE). The relationship between visual injury scores and physiological parameters were similar in both experiments, in which the attack of E. enigmaticus causes reductions in stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate, while intercellular CO2 concentration, vapor pressure deficit and leaf temperature increase. The vegetation indexes contributed to distinguish the levels of injury, especially leaflets with few silver scores and with beginning of winding of the edges, in the first experiment. However, in the second experiment, the overlap leaflet groups without injury and low injury did not allow to distinguish them clearly. Finally, the accomplishment of this work evidences the potential of this line of research with the purpose of optimizing the monitoring of E. enigmaticus in peanut culture and, thus, to boost the implementation of IPM-Peanut.
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Palavras-chave
Amendoim, Agricultura de precisão, Sensoriamento remoto