Fontes de cálcio na nutrição e produção de cebola cultivar Aquarius
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Data
2023-01-31
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O cálcio, em geral, é o terceiro nutriente mais acumulado pela planta de cebola, sendo mais acumulado nos bulbos. Entretanto, seu teor total no solo é relativamente baixo, cerca de 1%, para maioria dos solos brasileiros. Exceto quando há ocorrência de carbonato ou sulfato, como acontece nas terras cálcarias de Irecê – BA, cujo solo foi utilizado neste estudo. O Ca por ter peculiaridades como a imobilidade no floema e papel fundamental para a planta de cebola, necessita de um estudo aprofundado sobre as diferentes fontes disponíveis e sua influência no solo, nutrição e produção da cebola. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo, avaliar as diferentes fontes de Ca na produção de cebola em solo advindo da região de Irecê – BA. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – FCA/UNESP, em Botucatu – SP. Utilizou-se o híbrido Aquarius da Topseed, semeado diretamente nos vasos, em solo proveniente da região de Irecê – BA. O experimento foi fertirrigado via gotejamento. Os tratamentos consistiram na substituição parcial (15%) da dose total da fonte de Ca comumente utilizada na região (nitrato de cálcio) por outras fontes. Portanto, todos os tratamentos receberam 85% do total de Ca na forma de nitrato de cálcio, via fertirrigação, e os 15% restantes foram aplicados manualmente com as fontes correspondentes aos tratamentos, exceto na testemunha onde não houve substituição. Não foram compensados os nutrientes acompanhantes dos tratamentos. A colheita dos bulbos ocorreu aos 178 DAS, após a cura foram feitas as avaliações: massa seca da parte aérea, massa fresca e seca de bulbos, teor e acúmulo de nutrientes, classificação dos bulbos e foi calculada a produtividade. Com apenas 15% a mais de cálcio aplicado, foi possível um incremento na produtividade em cerca de 25% nos tratamentos com nitrato, tiossulfato e carbonato de cálcio, em relação a testemunha que não recebeu esse acréscimo.
Calcium, in general, is the third nutrient most accumulated by the onion plant, being more accumulated in the bulbs. However, its total content in the soil is relatively low, around 1%, for most Brazilian soils. Except when there is occurrence of carbonate or sulfate, as happens in the limestone lands of Irecê - BA, whose soil was used in this study. Because Ca has peculiarities such as immobility in the phloem and a fundamental role for the onion plant, it requires an in-depth study on the different sources available and their influence on soil, nutrition and onion production. Thus, the present work aimed, through the comparison of Ca sources, to establish the one that provided the best result in the production of onion bulbs in soil from the region of Irecê – BA. The work was carried out in a greenhouse at the Department of Soils and Environmental Resources of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences – FCA/UNESP, in Botucatu – SP. The Aquarius hybrid from Topseed was used, sown directly in pots, in soil from the region of Irecê - BA. The experiment was fertirrigated via drip irrigation and during its cycle no foliar diseases were observed.Treatments consisted of partial replacement (15%) of the total dose of the Ca source commonly used in the region (calcium nitrate) by other sources. Therefore, all treatments received 85% of the total Ca in the form of calcium nitrate, via fertigation, and the remaining 15% were applied manually with the sources corresponding to the treatments, except in the control where there was no replacement. The accompanying nutrients of the treatments were not compensated. The bulbs were harvested at 178 DAS, after curing, evaluations were made: shoot dry mass, fresh and dry mass of bulbs, content and accumulation of nutrients, classification of bulbs and productivity was calculated. With only 15% substitution of calcium applied, it was possible to increase productivity by about 25% in the treatments with nitrate, thiosulphate and calcium carbonate, in relation to the control that did not receive this increase.
Calcium, in general, is the third nutrient most accumulated by the onion plant, being more accumulated in the bulbs. However, its total content in the soil is relatively low, around 1%, for most Brazilian soils. Except when there is occurrence of carbonate or sulfate, as happens in the limestone lands of Irecê - BA, whose soil was used in this study. Because Ca has peculiarities such as immobility in the phloem and a fundamental role for the onion plant, it requires an in-depth study on the different sources available and their influence on soil, nutrition and onion production. Thus, the present work aimed, through the comparison of Ca sources, to establish the one that provided the best result in the production of onion bulbs in soil from the region of Irecê – BA. The work was carried out in a greenhouse at the Department of Soils and Environmental Resources of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences – FCA/UNESP, in Botucatu – SP. The Aquarius hybrid from Topseed was used, sown directly in pots, in soil from the region of Irecê - BA. The experiment was fertirrigated via drip irrigation and during its cycle no foliar diseases were observed.Treatments consisted of partial replacement (15%) of the total dose of the Ca source commonly used in the region (calcium nitrate) by other sources. Therefore, all treatments received 85% of the total Ca in the form of calcium nitrate, via fertigation, and the remaining 15% were applied manually with the sources corresponding to the treatments, except in the control where there was no replacement. The accompanying nutrients of the treatments were not compensated. The bulbs were harvested at 178 DAS, after curing, evaluations were made: shoot dry mass, fresh and dry mass of bulbs, content and accumulation of nutrients, classification of bulbs and productivity was calculated. With only 15% substitution of calcium applied, it was possible to increase productivity by about 25% in the treatments with nitrate, thiosulphate and calcium carbonate, in relation to the control that did not receive this increase.
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Palavras-chave
cebola, nutrição mineral de plantas, cálcio, mineral nutrition, calcium