Anticorpos monoclonais em imunohematologia
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Data
2010-02-25
Autores
Cardoso, Regina Aparecida [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A tecnologia de produção de anticorpos monoclonais revolucionou a investigação diagnóstica, especialmente a análise dos grupos sanguíneos em imuno-hematologia. O polimorfismo das hemácias humanas torna a produção de novos insumos extremamente necessária. Dentre os sistemas de grupos sanguíneos descritos, o sistema Rh tem se mostrado um dos mais complexos pela vasta composição de antígenos. Analisando aspectos estruturais do antígeno D associado às técnicas de biologia molecular, identificam-se numerosas variantes deste antígeno por trocas de DNA entre genes similares levando a alteração de epítopos e consequentemente de padrão de expressão fenotípica na superfície das hemácias. Desvendar e identificar estas variantes com insumos biotecnológicos desenvolvidos no país foi o desafio desta pesquisa, onde anticorpos monoclonais contra antígenos eritrocitários foram produzidos através de fusão celular, utilizando-se células de baço de camundongos BALB/c imunizados com hemácias fenótipo D categoria IVa. Nove fusões foram realizadas e os sobrenadantes de cultura foram triados por teste de hemaglutinação em microplacas. Foram congelados e mantidos em nitrogêncio líquido 41 híbridos. Estes híbridos foram clonados e mantidos em meio de cultura para a obtenção dos anticorpos monoclonais, resultando em 12 clones IgG1, 5 IgG2a e 10 IgM. Os clones foram selecionados para produção de líquido ascítico, através da injeção dos clones em camundongos BALB/c. Os anticorpos monoclonais produzidos, inicialmente não demonstraram a especificidade foco do presente trabalho que foi a produção de anticorpos anti-D, no entanto, os hibridomas podem ter secretado diferentes especificidades de anticorpos monoclonais, de acordo com os antígenos presentes na membrana das hemácias utilizadas para a imunização dos camundongos. Uma segunda fase da pesquisa está sendo...
The blood groups analyses in immunohematology have been highly benefited based on the advance of the monoclonal antibody technology improvement on diagnostics investigation. The human red blood cell polymorphism increases the need for new alternatives. The Rh system blood group is the most complex of all, due to the vast antigenic composition. When analyzing the structural aspects of the D antigen in combination with the molecular techniques, based upon DNA exchange between similar genes it is possible to identify a huge number of partial D variants, this situation leads to a change of epitopes and hence the red blood cell phenotypic expression pattern. Unveil and identify these variables through the use of local biotechnology was the challenge of this research. Monoclonal antibodies against human red blood cell were produced by cell fusion, using spleen cells from immunized BALB/c mice and DIVa red blood cells. Nine fusions had been made and the culture supernatants were selected to the hemaglutination test using microplates. Forty-one hybrids had been frozen and kept in liquid nitrogen. These hybrids had been cloned and kept in the culture to collect monoclonal antibodies, resulting in 12 IgG1, 5 IgG2a e 10 IgM. The clones had been selected for ascitic fluid production, by injection in BALB/c mice. The monoclonal antibodies produced initially had not produced the anti-D as expected by the research. However, the hibrydomas could have created different specificities of monoclonal antibodies, according to the antigen located in the donor red blood cells membrane used in the mice’s immunization. The second phase of the research is being done to confirm the monoclonal antibodies specificities produced through the deployment of new tests to immunoglobulin identification
The blood groups analyses in immunohematology have been highly benefited based on the advance of the monoclonal antibody technology improvement on diagnostics investigation. The human red blood cell polymorphism increases the need for new alternatives. The Rh system blood group is the most complex of all, due to the vast antigenic composition. When analyzing the structural aspects of the D antigen in combination with the molecular techniques, based upon DNA exchange between similar genes it is possible to identify a huge number of partial D variants, this situation leads to a change of epitopes and hence the red blood cell phenotypic expression pattern. Unveil and identify these variables through the use of local biotechnology was the challenge of this research. Monoclonal antibodies against human red blood cell were produced by cell fusion, using spleen cells from immunized BALB/c mice and DIVa red blood cells. Nine fusions had been made and the culture supernatants were selected to the hemaglutination test using microplates. Forty-one hybrids had been frozen and kept in liquid nitrogen. These hybrids had been cloned and kept in the culture to collect monoclonal antibodies, resulting in 12 IgG1, 5 IgG2a e 10 IgM. The clones had been selected for ascitic fluid production, by injection in BALB/c mice. The monoclonal antibodies produced initially had not produced the anti-D as expected by the research. However, the hibrydomas could have created different specificities of monoclonal antibodies, according to the antigen located in the donor red blood cells membrane used in the mice’s immunization. The second phase of the research is being done to confirm the monoclonal antibodies specificities produced through the deployment of new tests to immunoglobulin identification
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Imunohematologia, Biotecnologia médica, Monoclonal antibody
Como citar
CARDOSO, Regina Aparecida. Anticorpos monoclonais em imunohematologia. 2010. 62 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, 2010.