Plantas daninhas, atributos biológicos e elementos-traço em latossolo tratado com lodo de esgoto por treze anos consecutivos
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Data
2012-02-09
Autores
Silva, Elzane Freitas Leite [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de doses crescentes de lodo de esgoto (LE), aplicadas por treze anos em Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico, nos atributos biológicos e bioquímicos, nos teores de elementos-traço do solo e no acúmulo destes pelas plantas daninhas. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, em Jaboticabal-SP, utilizando-se delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro doses de LE (0, 5, 10 e 20 Mg ha-1, base seca) e cinco repetições. As amostras de solo (0 a 10 cm), plantas daninhas e resíduos culturais foram coletadas em outubro de 2010, 130 dias após a colheita do milho. Os valores do carbono da biomassa microbiana não variaram em função das doses de LE, porém os valores de respiração basal e quociente metabólico foram maiores nas doses 10 e 20 Mg ha-1. Para o quociente microbiano, o menor valor foi observado na dose 0 Mg ha-1 de LE. Os teores totais de Cd e Cr no solo não variaram em função das doses de LE. De forma contrária, os teores totais de Ni e Pb no solo aumentaram proporcionalmente até a dose 10 Mg ha-1. A atividade das enzimas desidrogenase, arilsulfatase, celulase e urease não variou. Porém a atividade hidrolítica do diacetato de fluoresceína (FDA) e da fosfatase ácida foram maiores na dose 20 Mg ha-1. Em relação às plantas daninhas e a palha do milho a adição de LE por longo período causou efeitos semelhantes nos valores da produção de matéria seca e nos teores totais de Cd, Cr, Ni e Pb. Entretanto, os teores acumulados de Cd, Ni e Pb na parte aérea dos grupos de planta daninha aumentaram até a dose 10 Mg ha-1 diferindo da testemunha. O LE causou atividade biológica negativa no solo nas doses 10 e 20 Mg ha-1. A atividade foi indicada pelos aumentos na respiração basal, na atividade hidrolítica do FDA e na atividade da fosfatase ácida. Entretanto, o aumento do quociente metabólico e a diminuição do quociente microbiano indicaram estar havendo estresse
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing doses of sewage sludge (SS), applied for thirteen years in Oxisol in biological and biochemical attributes, the levels of trace elements in soil and accumulation of weed. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in Jaboticabal, using a randomized block design with four doses of SS (0, 5, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1, dry basis) and five replicates. Soil samples (0-10 cm), weeds and crop residues were collected in October 2010, 130 days after the corn harvest. The values of microbial biomass carbon did not vary with the doses of SS, but the values of basal respiration and metabolic quotient were higher in doses 10 and 20 Mg ha-1. For the microbial quotient, the lowest value was observed at the dose 0 Mg ha-1 SS. Total concentrations of Cd and Cr in the soil did not vary with the doses of LE. Conversely, the total concentration of Ni and Pb in soil increased proportionally to the dose of 10 Mg ha-1. The activity of enzymes dehydrogenase, arylsulfatase, cellulase and urease did not change. However, the hydrolytic activity of the fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and acid phosphatase were higher in the dose 20 Mg ha-1. In relation to weeds and straw corn, adding SS for a long period caused similar effects on the values of dry matter production and total contents of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb. However, the accumulated contents of Cd, Ni and Pb in the aerial part of the weed groups increased until the dose of 10 Mg ha-1 differed from the control. The SS has caused negative biological activity in soil at doses 10 and 20 Mg ha-1. The activity was indicated by increases in respiration, FDA hydrolytic activity and acid phosphatase activity. However, the increase metabolic quotient and decrease of the ratio having indicated that microbial stress
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing doses of sewage sludge (SS), applied for thirteen years in Oxisol in biological and biochemical attributes, the levels of trace elements in soil and accumulation of weed. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in Jaboticabal, using a randomized block design with four doses of SS (0, 5, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1, dry basis) and five replicates. Soil samples (0-10 cm), weeds and crop residues were collected in October 2010, 130 days after the corn harvest. The values of microbial biomass carbon did not vary with the doses of SS, but the values of basal respiration and metabolic quotient were higher in doses 10 and 20 Mg ha-1. For the microbial quotient, the lowest value was observed at the dose 0 Mg ha-1 SS. Total concentrations of Cd and Cr in the soil did not vary with the doses of LE. Conversely, the total concentration of Ni and Pb in soil increased proportionally to the dose of 10 Mg ha-1. The activity of enzymes dehydrogenase, arylsulfatase, cellulase and urease did not change. However, the hydrolytic activity of the fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and acid phosphatase were higher in the dose 20 Mg ha-1. In relation to weeds and straw corn, adding SS for a long period caused similar effects on the values of dry matter production and total contents of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb. However, the accumulated contents of Cd, Ni and Pb in the aerial part of the weed groups increased until the dose of 10 Mg ha-1 differed from the control. The SS has caused negative biological activity in soil at doses 10 and 20 Mg ha-1. The activity was indicated by increases in respiration, FDA hydrolytic activity and acid phosphatase activity. However, the increase metabolic quotient and decrease of the ratio having indicated that microbial stress
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Microorganismos do solo, Soil microbial activity
Como citar
SILVA, Elzane Freitas Leite. Plantas daninhas, atributos biológicos e elementos-traço em latossolo tratado com lodo de esgoto por treze anos consecutivos. 2012. xvii, 65 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, 2012.