Características minerais e energéticas do lixo urbano em processos de compostagem e biodigestão anaeróbia
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Data
2005-08-12
Autores
Vespa, Izabel Cristina Galbiatti [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nos últimos anos, verifica-se crescente a produção de resíduos sólidos urbanos associada a um aumento populacional e ao maior consumo de produtos com embalagens que poderiam ser recicladas. Medidas rápidas de valorização e reciclagem devem ser tomadas para que permitam um consumo contínuo de alguma forma racional, diminuindo conseqüentemente, as agressões ambientais. No presente estudo avaliaram-se parâmetros que proporcionem subsídios na tomada de decisões sobre o melhor aproveitamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos orgânicos, utilizando-se a compostagem ou a biodigestão anaeróbia. O resíduo sólido urbano orgânico (lixo) foi cedido pela empresa CONSTROESTE, localizada no município de São José do Rio Preto-SP, e o experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Biodigestão Anaeróbia do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - Campus de Jaboticabal da Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp. Foram conduzidos ensaios de compostagem e biodigestão anaeróbia, utilizando-se resíduo sólido urbano orgânico coletado no município de São José do Rio Preto - SP, no intuito de avaliar as características químico-minerais, o potencial energético e a interferência da qualidade do resíduo no desenvolvimento dos processos. Avaliaram-se as reduções de sólidos totais e voláteis, produções de biogás e qualidade do biofertilizante durante a biodigestão anaeróbia, que foi conduzida com a utilização ou não de inóculo, e parâmetros como temperatura, umidade, peso, teores de nutrientes, e redução de massa enleirada durante a compostagem e a equivalência energética nos dois processos. Observaram-se reduções de 58,5% nas quantidades de massa seca enleirada e de 40,9% nos teores de carbono orgânico, matéria orgânica compostável e demanda química de oxigênio. Foram verificadas temperaturas acima de 40º C,...
An increasing production of urban organic wastes is noticed in the last years, associated with the growth of the global population and the increased of resultant consumption. Fast actions of valorization and recycling must be done, in a way that it allows a rational continuous consumption and consequently decreasing environmental aggressions. This work has evaluated some parameters that supply decision making over better use of urban organic wastes through composting or anaerobic digestion processes. The urban organic waste was supplied by Controeste company, in São José do Rio Preto - SP. The experiment was conducted in the Anaerobic Digestion Laboratory - Agricultural Engineering Department - Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences College - Jaboticabal Campus - São Paulo State University - UNESP. Samples of composting and anaerobic digestion were collected done from the wastes in the city of São José do Rio Preto - SP, with the objective of evaluating to the chemical and mineral properties and consequent interference of the residues on the processes. The reductions of total and volatile solids, biogas production and biofertilizer quality werw evaluated during the anaerobic digestion. It was conducted using inoculums or not and parameters such as temperature, humidity, weight, nutrient content and reduction of heap mass during the composting. A reduction the 58.5% in the quantity of heap dry mass, 40.9% in the organic carbon contents, recycling organic material and chemical demand of oxygen was observed. It was registered temperatures above 40ºC in the heaps interior, evidencing the importance of the process of reduction and/or elimination of pathogens.The presence of innocuous in the substrate anticipated the biogas production in the process of anaerobic digestion...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
An increasing production of urban organic wastes is noticed in the last years, associated with the growth of the global population and the increased of resultant consumption. Fast actions of valorization and recycling must be done, in a way that it allows a rational continuous consumption and consequently decreasing environmental aggressions. This work has evaluated some parameters that supply decision making over better use of urban organic wastes through composting or anaerobic digestion processes. The urban organic waste was supplied by Controeste company, in São José do Rio Preto - SP. The experiment was conducted in the Anaerobic Digestion Laboratory - Agricultural Engineering Department - Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences College - Jaboticabal Campus - São Paulo State University - UNESP. Samples of composting and anaerobic digestion were collected done from the wastes in the city of São José do Rio Preto - SP, with the objective of evaluating to the chemical and mineral properties and consequent interference of the residues on the processes. The reductions of total and volatile solids, biogas production and biofertilizer quality werw evaluated during the anaerobic digestion. It was conducted using inoculums or not and parameters such as temperature, humidity, weight, nutrient content and reduction of heap mass during the composting. A reduction the 58.5% in the quantity of heap dry mass, 40.9% in the organic carbon contents, recycling organic material and chemical demand of oxygen was observed. It was registered temperatures above 40ºC in the heaps interior, evidencing the importance of the process of reduction and/or elimination of pathogens.The presence of innocuous in the substrate anticipated the biogas production in the process of anaerobic digestion...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biogas, Biomassa vegetal, Compostos organicos, Biogas, Energetic equivalency
Como citar
VESPA, Izabel Cristina Galbiatti. Características minerais e energéticas do lixo urbano em processos de compostagem e biodigestão anaeróbia. 2005. x, 56 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2005.