Manejo de um latossolo vermelho de cerrado e o efeito nas propriedades físico-hídricas do solo e na produtividade do milho, irrigado por aspersão
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Data
2004-01-22
Autores
Silva, Monica Martins da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo verificar a influência do manejo do solo em suas propriedades físico-hídricas, na distribuição de água no perfil e na produtividade do milho em um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO de cerrado, irrigado por aspersão com autopropelido. Foi conduzida na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira – UNESP, localizada no Município de Selvíria-MS. A pesquisa teve início no ano agrícola de 1997/1998 com as culturas do milho (Zea mays L.) no verão e do feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) no inverno. As culturas de verão e de inverno foram irrigadas por aspersão utilizando-se um autopropelido com uma pressão de serviço de 425 kPa, diâmetro do bocal de 16 mm, com vazão de 20 m3 h-1, cujo raio de alcance máximo era de 30 m. Foram avaliadas as seguintes propriedades físico-hídricas do solo: densidade do solo, macroporosidade, microporosidade, porosidade total, textura, resistência à penetração, infiltração de água no solo, condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado e retenção de água, nas camadas de 0,0-0,10, 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m. Além disso, realizou-se o monitoramento do teor de água do solo com o uso de tensiômetros. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, no esquema em faixas com parcelas subdivididas, com quatro blocos. As parcelas foram constituídas por quatro plantas de cobertura: mucuna-preta (Mucuna aterrima), milheto (Pennisetum americanum), crotalária (Crotalaria juncea) e guandu (Cajanus cajan) e área com vegetação espontânea (pousio). As subparcelas foram constituídas pelos sistemas de semeadura direta e convencional (preparo do solo com grade aradora e grade niveladora). Em relação às plantas de cobertura avaliou-se as massas das matérias seca e verde. Quanto à cultura do milho, verificou-se: o rendimento, massa de 100 grãos, número e altura de plantas e teor de macronutrientes nas folhas. De modo geral, concluiu-se que: a melhoria das propriedades físico-hídricas do solo, após cinco anos com o manejo estudado, não ocorreram significativamente; o sistema de semeadura direta apresentou uma maior uniformidade de distribuição de água no perfil do solo e maior produtividade do milho, comparado ao convencional.
The present research had for objective to evaluate the influence of the tillage of the soil in the properties physico-hydrical, in the water distribution in the profile and the maize yield in a RED LATOSOL of cerrado, irrigated for sprinkler with traveller systems. It was carried in the Farm of Education and Research of the College of Engineering of Ilha Solteira UNESP, located in the City of Selvíria-MS. The research had beginning in the agricultural year of 1997/1998 with the culture of the maize (Zea mays L.) in the summer and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the winter. The culture of summer and winter had been irrigated by sprinkler using traveller systems with pressure of service of 425 kPa, diameter of the nipple of 16 mm, with 20 m3 h-1 outflow, with maximum ray of reach 30 m. The following properties physicohydrical of the soil had been evaluated: bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, texture, resistance to penetration, water infiltration in the soil and hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil and soil water retention at 0.0-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m depth. Moreover, was studied of the soil water content with the use of tensiometers. The completely randomized design with subdivided (split plot block) parcels, with five treatments and four repetitions. The parcels had been constituted by four cover plants: Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum americanum, Crotalaria juncea and Cajanus cajan and area with spontaneous vegetation. Subparcelas had been constituted by no-tillage and conventional tillage (disk plow and disk harrow). In relation to the cover plants the weight dry and green substance was evaluated. How much to the culture of the maize, it was verified the yield, mass of 100 grains, number and height of plants and macronutrients contents in leaf. In general way, one concluded that: the improvement of the properties physico-hydrical of the soil, after five years with the studied handling, had not occurred significantly; the no-tillage presented a bigger uniformity of water distribution in the profile of the soil and greater productivity of the maize, compared with the conventional.
The present research had for objective to evaluate the influence of the tillage of the soil in the properties physico-hydrical, in the water distribution in the profile and the maize yield in a RED LATOSOL of cerrado, irrigated for sprinkler with traveller systems. It was carried in the Farm of Education and Research of the College of Engineering of Ilha Solteira UNESP, located in the City of Selvíria-MS. The research had beginning in the agricultural year of 1997/1998 with the culture of the maize (Zea mays L.) in the summer and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the winter. The culture of summer and winter had been irrigated by sprinkler using traveller systems with pressure of service of 425 kPa, diameter of the nipple of 16 mm, with 20 m3 h-1 outflow, with maximum ray of reach 30 m. The following properties physicohydrical of the soil had been evaluated: bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, texture, resistance to penetration, water infiltration in the soil and hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil and soil water retention at 0.0-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m depth. Moreover, was studied of the soil water content with the use of tensiometers. The completely randomized design with subdivided (split plot block) parcels, with five treatments and four repetitions. The parcels had been constituted by four cover plants: Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum americanum, Crotalaria juncea and Cajanus cajan and area with spontaneous vegetation. Subparcelas had been constituted by no-tillage and conventional tillage (disk plow and disk harrow). In relation to the cover plants the weight dry and green substance was evaluated. How much to the culture of the maize, it was verified the yield, mass of 100 grains, number and height of plants and macronutrients contents in leaf. In general way, one concluded that: the improvement of the properties physico-hydrical of the soil, after five years with the studied handling, had not occurred significantly; the no-tillage presented a bigger uniformity of water distribution in the profile of the soil and greater productivity of the maize, compared with the conventional.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solos - Manejo, Fisica do solo, Milho - Rendimento, Irrigação por aspersores, Soil management, Soil physics, Sprinkler irrigation, Maize
Como citar
SILVA, Monica Martins da. Manejo de um latossolo vermelho de cerrado e o efeito nas propriedades físico-hídricas do solo e na produtividade do milho, irrigado por aspersão. 2003. v, 88 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2003.