台鐵車路分離方式之研究

Abstract

台鐵面臨著國內運輸市場結構變化之不利因素，內部亦存在著營運、 財務暨組織之缺失等問題，而經由歷年來各報告案的建議與執行仍無法遏 止營運之惡化，究其問題之一是公營單位缺乏企業經營精神，角色定位受 縛太多，問題之二是台鐵須自行吸收龐大的路線工程建設與維修費用，造 成財政負擔，基於鐵路與公路公平競爭原則及完成民營化的階段性目標等 多項理由，本研究以車路分離方式對台鐵從事改革，使其脫離目前困境。 所謂車路分離是指將鐵路只劃分為所有權（Ownership）與經營權（ Operationership），此二種權限由不同組織所擁有，且經營者支付路線 使用費予所有權者。由於台鐵擁有龐大的產業，短時間內民間承接所有資 產不易，所以本研究將在公有民營之條件下進行可行方案評估，將台鐵現 行營運範圍適當分割後產生三個方案，並透過問卷調查獲得評估準則的偏 好情形，利用分析階層程序法（AHP）求取評估準則權重，再以模糊多評 準決策方法（FMADM）評估方案。 評估結果是客、貨運各一家公司經 營為較佳方案，次佳者為東西部兩家客運公司與一家貨運公司。推行台鐵 車路分離政策時，執行上首先面臨法令規章之限制，再者，組織改組後， 員工與龐大負債處理等問題，於研究中皆有因應之道。總之，本研究希望 台鐵能透過車路分離的方式，提高經營效率且提供較佳的服務。 Taiwan Railway Administration （ TRA for short ） have envisageddisadvantageous factor of mutation of carrying trade, and inhered someembarrassment about operation, finance and organization. Even though everykind of studies have suggested, TRA still have got worse and worse. We go to the root of the matter and find that TRA is lacking in the enthusiasm of enterprise and TRA itself should pay huge cost for infrastructure use. Basingon several reasons, for instance, railway should be able to compete with roadfairly, this thesis would depend on the new institutional railway policy toimprove thesituation of TRA's operation and management. The seperation of ownership and operationership indicates that railway industry should be divided into two separate entities, the ownership one responsible for investment in and maintenance of rail infrastructure and the operationership one in charge of running rail transport. The latter is charged for using tracks by the former. Because TRA have owned a lot of property and the private enterprise could not purchase it in short term, this thesis studies threealternatives with the methodologies of Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) and Fuzzy set theory under the situation of the government owned andprivtate enterprise operating. The result of analysis shows that thebest alternative is a passenger company and another freight one. To excute thenew railway policy, we should modulate the regulations and acts first.Moreover, after TRA reorganized, thesolution of staffs right and long lonsliquidation would be metioned in the thesis. To sum up, the new railwaypolicy is expected to make the service quality and competitive capabilitybetter.